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Table 3 Effects of High Fat Diet and NDEA Exposure on Biomarkers of AD and Neuro-inflammation in Temporal Lobe

From: Nitrosamine exposure exacerbates high fat diet-mediated type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and neurodegeneration with cognitive impairment

 

LFD

LFD+NDEA

HFD

HFD+NDEA

F-Ratio

P-Value

AβPP

4.392 ± 0.423

3.966 ± 0.458

3.026* ± 0.215

3.228 ± 0.299

3.099

0.039

Tau

3.380 ± 0.272

2.689 ± 0.255

3.310 ± 0.270

1.938*** ± 0.209

7.023

0.001

ChAT

0.170 ± 0.016

0.147 ± 0.026

0.164 ± 0.014

0.115§ ± 0.007

 

0.001

AChE

0.824 ± 0.081

1.080 ± 0.137

0.747 ± 0.099

0.795 ± 0.048

  

IL-1β

0.047 ± 0.004

0.047 ± 0.010

0.052 ± 0.005

0.023* ± 0.003

4.627

0.008

IL6

0.052 ± 0.006

0.045 ± 0.006

0.050 ± 0.005

0.034 ± 0.005

  

TNF-α

0.022 ± 0.002

0.035 ± 0.005

0.034 ± 0.005

0.036 ± 0.004

  
  1. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR with results normalized to 18S rRNA (see Methods). Values correspond to mRNA/18S × 10-6. Inter-group comparisons were made using ANOVA tests. For all measurements, df = 3/36. Significant differences relative to the LFD control group were demonstrated using the Dunnett's post-hoc multiple comparison test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). For ChAT, the ANOVA test was not significant, but the mRNA levels were significantly different from control in the HFD+NDEA treated group by T-test analysis.