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Figure 8 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Figure 8

From: First evidence of overlaps between HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) and non-viral neurodegenerative diseases: proteomic analysis of the frontal cortex from HIV+ patients with and without dementia

Figure 8

Immunohistochemical staining of four representative proteins in HAD and HIV non-dementia patients in the frontal lobe. Immunohistochemical evaluation of CA2 (a, b, c and d), GS (e, f, g and h), CKMT (i and j) and CRMP2 monoclonal antibodies (k and l) for staining the frontal lobe from HAD and HIV non-dementia patients. Relatively less CA2 staining, but more focal and neuronal staining was observed in HAD patient, as seen at different magnifications (a: x20, b: x40) compared to a more spread out astrocyte staining in HIV non-dementia patients (c: x20 and d: x40). The red arrows on b and d showed neuronal staining, while the blue arrows show astrocytic staining. Extensive GS staining was seen in HAD brain (g: x20 and h: x40), whereas in the HIV non-dementia patient the staining was significantly weaker (e: x20 and f: x40). The staining with CKMT and CRMP2 antibodies showed relative weaker signals due to low antigen levels. However, the clear differences are still noticeable for both antibodies. For CKMT, in HAD patient (j), there are strongly stained cells, along with several weakly stained cells around, whereas in HIV non-dementia patients (i), only very limited number of stained cells with only fewer weakly stained cells around. This contrast was stronger in CRMP2 staining (k and l) in comparison to CKMT.

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