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Figure 7 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Figure 7

From: BACE1 is at the crossroad of a toxic vicious cycle involving cellular stress and β-amyloid production in Alzheimer’s disease

Figure 7

Cellular stress, BACE1 and Aβ production are involved in a toxic vicious cycle in AD. Various cellular dysfunctions including oxidative stress, inflammation and calcium homeostasis disturbance occur in AD-affected brains. These alterations activate the transcription of the stress-induced β-secretase BACE1 that contributes to Aβ production. Once yielded at supra-physiological levels, Aβ induces cellular stresses that, in turn activate BACE1, therefore setting up a vicious cycle. Such self-maintained toxicity can lead to cellular cell death. Brain insults like hypoxia and traumatic brain injury contribute to this scheme by inducing cellular stress.

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