Table 1 Gene modifiers of the response to spinal cord injury and/or to neurotrauma.
From: Spinal cord trauma and the molecular point of no return
Gene variant | Experimental paradigm | Gene function | Neuropathology | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ApoE | Human and ApoE -/- animal models | Lipid transport | Neurofibrillary tangles | Jordan et al., 1997 Saunders et al., 1993 Setzer et al., 2008 |
ABCD1 | Human carriers | Transport and metabolise very long-chain fatty acids | Axonal demylination | Berger & Gartner, 2006 Fatemi et al., 2003 Raymond et al., 2010 |
Bach1 | Bach -/- mice | Pro-oxidant; (transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1) | Cellular death | Kanno et al., 2009 Yamada et al., 2008 |
SOD1 | Animal models | Oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, neurofilaments, lipid metabolism | Neuronal death, Reactive astrogliosis | Jokic et al., 2010 Sharp et al., 2005 |
TDP-43 | Human trauma and Nerve injury animal models | DNA, RNA and protein binding | Neuronal death | Mckee et al., 2010 Moisse et al., 2009 |
SEPT9 | Humans | Cytoskeleton, cell division, tumorigenesis | Axonal degeneration | Kuhlenbaumer et al., 2005 |
MHC2TA | Root avulsion animal models | Major MHC class II | Neuronal death | Harnesk et al., 2008 Piehl et al., 2007 |
Beta App | Human trauma and injury animal models | Protein cleavage, oxidative stress | Neurofibrillary tangles | Li et al., 1995 Uryu et al., 2002 Uryu et al., 2007 |
FGF | Dominant negative animals | Angiogenesis, wound healing, embryonic development | Cellular death | Eckenstein et al., 2006 |
HSP | Animal models | Molecular chaperones, oxidative stress, apoptosis | Neuronal death | Reddy et al., 2008 |