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Figure 2 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Figure 2

From: Merging pathology with biomechanics using CHIMERA (Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration): a novel, surgery-free model of traumatic brain injury

Figure 2

CHIMERA rTBI induces behavioral deficits. (A) Duration of loss of righting reflex (LRR) was assessed immediately following the sham or TBI procedure. Cohort size: Sham, N = 31; rTBI, N = 39. (B) Neurological severity score (NSS) was assessed at 1h, 1d, 2d, and 7d post-rTBI. Cohort size: Sham (1 h: N = 34, 1d: N = 31, 2d: N = 35, 7d: N = 21); rTBI (1 h, 1d and 2d: N = 42, 7d: N = 25). (C) Motor performance was assessed on an accelerating rotarod at 1d, 2d, 7d and 14d post-rTBI. Cohort size: Sham (1d and 2d: N = 35, 7d: N = 21, 14d: N = 15); rTBI (1d and 2d: N = 41, 7d: N = 25, 14d: N = 15). (D) Thigmotaxis was quantified at 1d, 7d and 14d post-rTBI. Cohort size: Sham (1d: N = 23, 7d: N = 16, 14d: N = 15); rTBI (1d: N = 24, 7d: N = 10, 14d: N = 15). Data in A-D were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak post-hoc test. (E) Working memory was assessed by the passive avoidance test from 7d to 10d post-rTBI.. (F) Spatial reference memory was assessed by Barnes maze from 9d to 13d post-rTBI. Data at each time point represent the mean of four trials. Data in E and F (Cohort size: N = 15/group) were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. For all graphs, data are presented as mean ± SEM. For all graphs, * indicates a significant rTBI effect within a particular time point and # indicates a significant time effect within each group. ***: p < 0.001. ###: p < 0.001.

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