Fig. 5

NMZ treated Aldh2^−/− mice show improvements in AD-like pathology, synaptic biomarkers and neuronal function. Hippocampal homogenates (30 μg protein) from Aldh2 ^−/− mice, treated with NMZ or vehicle for 12 weeks, showed no effect of NMZ on HNE adduct formation by dot-blot immunoassay of HNE protein adducts; whereas HNE adducts were significantly elevated relative to treated and untreated WT mice mice (a). Immunoblot analysis of hippocampal homogenates of WT and drug or vehicle treated Aldh2 ^−/− mice quantitated by densitometry with representative blots shown: monomeric Aβ (b) and p-tau (c); synaptic biomarkers PSD-95 and synaptophysin (d); and activated caspases (e). Data are presented as the mean ± S.D. and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Statistical significance is indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with wildtype; †, significant difference from Aldh2 ^−/− (†† p < 0.01, ††† p < 0.001)