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Fig. 1 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Fig. 1

From: Chronic adiponectin deficiency leads to Alzheimer’s disease-like cognitive impairments and pathologies through AMPK inactivation and cerebral insulin resistance in aged mice

Fig. 1

Cognitive impairments of aged APN-KO mice in behavioral tests. In open-field test, time spent in marginal area and center area for both (a) 9-mth-old & (b) 18-mth-old wildtype and APN-KO mice were assessed. c 9-mth-old & (d) 18-mth-old APN-KO mice were trained with visible platform for 16 trials (4 trials/day) and hidden platform for 6 days (4 trials/day) to learn and search in the Morris-Water-Maze tests. Probe tests were performed for both (e) 9 mth & (f) 18-mth old mice, in which platform had been removed to investigate the time spent in platform quadrant. (g) Freezing times of the 12-mth-old mice were recorded in both contextual and cue test, indicating the APN-KO mice exhibited memory impairments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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