Fig. 3

IKK2-CA inactivation after onset of ataxia abrogates neuroinflammation and arrests astrogliosis, but cannot prevent Purkinje cell loss. a Schedule of doxycycline treatment to turn off IKK2-CA expression at different stages of phenotype development. No Dox: continuous expression starting at 4 weeks of age, Inactivation of expression before onset of ataxia (Dox 8–20 weeks) or before onset of substantial Purkinje cell loss (Dox 12–20 weeks). b Immunoblotting for Mac-2 and GFAP, indicating microgliosis and astrogliosis. Lcn2 indicates NF-κB activation, IKK1/2 immunoreactivity IKK2-CA expression. Representative immunoblot and quantification of GFAP immunoreactivity normalized to ERK2 (loading control), shown as mean +/- s.e.m. relative to Co 12w (n = 3–4). c-e Purkinje cell loss at 20 weeks (compared to controls) is prevented by early repression of IKK2-CA at 8 weeks (c), but not by repression at 12 weeks of age (d). Representative Nissl staining (c, d) and quantification (e) is depicted. Values of untreated animals are also presented in Fig. 1e. Scale bars 50 μm. Statistical analysis (b, e): 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001