Fig. 3

Aβ-induced ROS regulates intracellular calcium level. a Aβ-induced ROS was decreased by 200 μM trolox. HT22 cells were pretreated with indicated concentration of trolox for 1 h before incubation with 2 μM Aβ (24 h). Upper panel is representative images of DCFDA signals (top row) and bright field (bottom row) to measure ROS level in HT22 cells and lower penal is quantitative graph (n = 4, independent experiments). The results were shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test) b Reduction of Aβ-induced ROS level by trolox can decrease Ca²⁺ level. HT22 cells were pretreated with 200 μM trolox for 1 h before incubation with 2 μM Aβ (24 h). Left panel is representative images of Fluo-4 assay to measure Ca²⁺ level in HT22 cells and right panel is quantitative graph (n = 5, independent experiments). The results were shown as mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test). Scale bar: 100 μm