Fig. 6

LRRK2 inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling in vivo and mediates WNT/PCP signaling during Xenopus early development. a-b TOPFlash assay in X. laevis embryos. a Schematic drawing of the experiment. 1 or 2 ng of lrrk2 mRNA was co-injected with 200 pg 14XTOPFlash and 25 pg Renilla reporters DNA into dorsal marginal cells at 4 to 8 cell-stage of Xenopus laevis embryos. Firefly and Renilla luciferase were measured at stage 10.25. b Overexpression of lrrk2 in Xenopus laevis embryos lead to significant reduction of WNT/β-catenin activity in a dose-dependent manner. Two tailed T-test, N = 3. c-d Overexpression of lrrk2 mediates convergence and extension movement’s defects in Xenopus embryos. c Typical phenotype of the lrrk2 overexpressing embryo. 180 pg of lrrk2 (left) or β-galactosidase (right) DNA was injected in dorsal marginal cells at the 4 to 8-cell stage. d Bar chart of convergent extension defects in lrrk2 (180 pg DNA), β-galactosidase (180 pg DNA) and celsr1 (1 ng mRNA) injected embryos. e Categories used for evaluating the convergent extension defects. Grade 1: >0.95; Grade 2: 0.85-0.95; Grade 3: 0.75-0.85; Grade 4: 0.65-0.75; Grade 5: 0.55-0.65; Grade 6: 0.45-0.55; Grade 7: <0.45