Fig. 4

Enhanced Müller glial activation in rd10 retinas due to S1R knockout. a. Immunostaining of IBA1 and GFAP on retinal sections collected at indicated time points. ONL: outer nuclear layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; GCL: ganglion cell layer. Müller cells are distinguishable by their radial morphology. Scale bar: 20 μm. b. Quantification of immunostained cell area to assess increase of glial activation. Mean ± SE, n = 3–4 mice, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. c. Quantification of Western blots (shown on the left) detecting IBA1 and GFAP in retinal homogenates. For the method of quantification refer to Fig. 2b; mean ± SE; n = 3–4; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01