Fig. 2

Hexokinase expression in the brain and mitochondrial detachment of HK1 caused by the loss of DJ-1. a Expression levels of the four hexokinase genes in different regions of the human brain based on data downloaded from GTEx. b HK1 immunoreactivity in a coronal section of a 1-year-old WT mouse brain shows ubiquitous expression of the protein. Scale bar: 500 μm. c-d HK1 expression in mouse dopaminergic SNpc neurons. TOM20 stains for mitochondria, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a marker for dopaminergic neurons. Scale bar c: 200 μm, Scale bar d: 5 μm. e High-magnification images of individual TH-positive neurons in the SNpc of a 1-year-old WT mouse and a 1-year-old DJ-1 knockout mouse. HK1 is shown in green, the mitochondrial marker TOM20 in pink, and white pixels indicate overlap of the two signals. Scale bar: 2 μm. f HK1 signal intensity in dopaminergic SNpc neurons of 1-year-old mice (n = 5 WT (1 M, 4 F), n = 7 (3 M, 4 F) DJ-1 knockout). The intensity values of five neurons from each mouse (n = 25 WT cells, n = 35 DJ-1 knockout cells) are displayed in the boxplot with whiskers drawn according to the Tukey method and outliers shown as black dots. The data were fitted to a linear model and the p value of an ANOVA testing for the effect of genotype is displayed below the graph. g HK1 and TOM20 signal colocalization in dopaminergic SNpc neurons of 1-year-old mice. The data come from the same cells as (f), and are graphed and compared as (f) with * indicating p < 0.05