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Fig. 4 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Fig. 4

From: YKL-40 in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of neurodegenerative dementias

Fig. 4

YKL-40 expression in AD brain tissue (a) RT-qPCR analysis of YKL-40 in the frontal cortex of control, AD (I-III), AD (IV-VI) and rpAD (IV-VI) samples. GAPDH was used for normalization. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests were used to estimate statistical differences. b Western blot analysis of YKL-40 in the frontal cortex of control, AD (IV-VI) and rpAD (IV-VI) samples. Normalization was based on GAPDH levels. Graphic summary of densitometry analyses performed on western blot results acquired from 8 control, 8 AD and 6 rpAD samples. c Immunohistochemical analysis of YKL-40 in the cerebral cortex, white matter, subpial layer and cerebellum in control and AD cases. d Immunohistochemical analysis of YKL-40 in the temporal cortex and hippocampus in AD cases. e Immunohistochemical analysis of YKL-40+ astrocytes surrounding β-amyloid plaques (left) and in blood vessels with amyloid angiopathy (right) in the hippocampal region of AD cases Brown staining corresponds to YKL-40 staining and light blue to haematoxylin counterstaining. f Double-labeling immunofluorescence of YKL-40 (green) and amyloid β (red) in the hippocampus of AD. g Double-labeling immunofluorescence of YKL-40 (green) and GFAP (red) in cerebral cortex and white matter in AD tissues. Fold changes in expression of mRNA and protein were determined relative to the control cases. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001

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