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Fig. 7 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Fig. 7

From: AMPA-ergic regulation of amyloid-β levels in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Fig. 7

Glial recruitment unchanged and IL-6 levels enhanced following AMPA treatment. a Wild-type C3H/B6 mice (for the 8 h treatment, n = 6 per group) or APP/PS1 mice (for the 14 h treatment, n = 3 per group) were implanted with microdialysis probes and treated with either 5 μM AMPA or aCSF for 8 or 14 h. Brain sections were immunostained with DAB using anti-GFAP antibody to mark astrocytes or anti-Iba1 antibody to mark microglia. Immunoreactivity between control and AMPA-treated sections were compared, and representative images are shown. b 2–4 month old APP/PS1 mice were treated with either 5 μM AMPA (n = 6) or aCSF (n = 8) via reverse microdialysis for 14 h. Tissue surrounding the microdialysis probe was analyzed via Western blot for GFAP or CD45, markers of astrocytes and microglia, respectively, and no difference was observed between treatment groups (two-way ANOVA, Sidak post hoc test). Bands were normalized to GAPDH and displayed relative to control. Blot images are representative examples. c As in Fig. 7b, APP/PS1 mice were treated with either 5 μM AMPA (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 7) for 14 h, and hippocampal lysates were analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines using a MSD multiplex assay. Levels of IL-1β (p = 0.991, two-way ANOVA, Sidak post hoc test) and TNF-α (p = 0.999, two-way ANOVA, Sidak post hoc test) were unchanged. IL-6 levels were significantly elevated following AMPA treatment, increasing from 52.3 to 773.8 pg/mL (p = 0.0014, two-way ANOVA, Sidak post hoc test). Data plotted as mean ± SEM

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