Table 1 T cell subsets maintain homeostatic brain functions
From: Peripheral immune system in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Subset/Cytokine | Location | Effects on brain function | Specificity | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TH1/IFNƔ | Meninges | ↑ Social behavior | bulk | IFNƔ signaling activation in inhibitory neurons increases GABAergic currents | [69] |
TH2/IL-4 | Meninges | ↑ Learning and memory | bulk | Restricts meningeal myeloid cell activation and promotes neutrophic factor expression | [70] |
↑TH2:TH1 ratio | CP of Aged Mice | ↓ Cognitive capacity | CNS antigens | IL-4 induces while IFNƔ inhibits CCL11 expression by epithelia cells | [73] |