Table 1 Overview of metabolomic studies in the blood metabolome of PD clinical populations
From: Recent advances and perspectives of metabolomics-based investigations in Parkinson’s disease
Analytical platform | Subjects | Differential metabolites/metabolic pathways | Statistics | Validation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HILIC-TOF/MS | Early PD (n = 80) Controls (n = 76) | Ethanolamine, N-Lauroylglycine, Alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, Sarcosine, Glu-Ile, 1,3-Dimethyluracil, Arg-Ala, PCs, SMs, Lyso-PAF C-16, etc. | ROC (AUC = 0.80) | No | Stoessel D et al. [52] |
CE-TOF/MS LC-TOOF/MS | PD (n = 109) Controls (n = 32) | Long chain acylcarnitines | ROC (AUC = 0.895) | Yes | Saiki S et al. [102] |
LC-MS | PD (LID, n = 10, non-LID, n = 8, unmedicated, n = 8) Controls (n = 14) | 3-hydroxykynurenine/kynurenic acid Ratio | t-test, p < 0.05 | No | Havelund JF et al. [6] |
Nontargeted MS-based metabolomics | Early PD (n = 41) Controls (n = 40) | Hexanoylglutamine, Decanoylcarnitine, Myristoleoylcarnitine, Octanoylcarnitine, Oleoylcarnitine, Palmitoleoylcarnitine, Suberoylcarnitine, Octadecanedioate, 3-hydroxysebacate | ROC (AUC = 0.857) | No | Burté F et al. [111] |
UPLC-MS/MS GC-MS | PD (n = 35) Controls (n = 15) | Lower levels of tryptophan, caffeine, bilirubin and ergothioneine; higher levels of levodopa metabolites and biliverdin | random forest classification | No | Hatano T et al. [112] |
NMR | PD (n = 43) Controls (n = 37) | Myoinositol, sorbitol, citrate, acetate, succinate and pyruvate | PLS-DA | No | Ahmed SS et al. [113] |
LCECA | LRRK2 PD (n = 12) idiopathic PD (n = 41) Controls (n = 46) | Purine metabolism (uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, etc.) | PLS-DA | No | Johansen KK et al. [16] |
LCECA | PD (n = 66) Controls (n = 25) | 8-OHdG, glutathione, uric acid | PLS-DA | No | Bogdanov M et al. [17] |
GC-TOFMS | PD (n = 20) Controls (n = 20) | Amino acids (pyroglutamate and 2-oxoisocaproate), C16-C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids | OPLS-DA | No | Trupp M et al. [50] |
LC-MS GC-MS | PD (n = 82) RLS (n = 95) Controls (n = 1272) | Long-chain (polyunsaturated) fatty acids, inositol metabolites | No | Kassubek J et al. [101] | |
UPLC-TOF/MS | PD (cohort 1, n = 82, cohort 2, n = 118) Controls (cohort 1, n = 82, cohort 2, n = 37) Huntington’s disease (cohort2, n = 22) | Kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, ratio of kynurenic acid /kynurenine, ratio of quinolinic acid/ kynurenic acid | OPLS-DA | Yes | Chang KH et al. [19] |
LC-QE/MS | Slow. PD (n = 41) Rapid. PD (n = 39) Controls (n = 20) | N8-acetyl spermidine | OPLS-DA | No | Roede JR et al. [49] |