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Table 4 Subanalysis for risk of accelerated cognitive decline in dietary and serum cholesterol levels by different educational groups

From: Longitudinal and nonlinear relations of dietary and Serum cholesterol in midlife with cognitive decline: results from EMCOA study

Variables

Elementary school (n = 418)

Junior middle school (n = 925)

Senior middle school (n = 764)

College and above (n = 407)

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Dietary cholesterol, mg/d

1.002 (0.9999–1.0034)

0.063

0.999 (0.998–0.99998)

0.046*

1.001 (0.999–1.003)

0.077

1.002 (1.000–1.003)

0.041*

Q1(< 188)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Q2 (188–283)

1.16 (0.60–2.24)

0.666

1.12 (0.75–1.67)

0.57

0.67 (0.38–1.16)

0.153

0.66 (0.31–1.40)

0.276

Q3 (283–385)

1.21 (0.60–2.43)

0.596

0.77 (0.49–1.22)

0.269

1.30 (0.78–2.16)

0.309

1.72 (0.90–3.27)

0.098

Q4 (> 385)

1.97 (0.95–4.11)

0.07

0.90 (0.54–1.48)

0.667

1.47 (0.85–2.56)

0.171

1.49 (0.72–3.11)

0.287

Egg intake, g/d

1.006 (0.998–1.014)

0.119

0.996 (0.991–1.001)

0.155

1.008 (1.002–1.014)

0.013*

1.010 (1.001–1.018)

0.020*

Q1(< 21)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Q2 (21–45)

0.92 (0.47–1.80)

0.817

0.71 (0.48–1.04)

0.076

0.86 (0.50–1.46)

0.572

0.72 (0.37–1.41)

0.337

Q3 (45–60)

1.72 (0.90–3.28)

0.103

0.87 (0.57–1.33)

0.527

1.50 (0.90–2.47)

0.116

1.02 (0.55–1.87)

0.96

Q4 (> 60)

1.18 (0.61–2.26)

0.623

0.73 (0.48–1.10)

0.128

1.58 (0.95–2.62)

0.08

1.79 (0.97–3.29)

0.062

Serum cholesterol, mmol/L

        

TC, mmol/L

1.42 (1.10–1.82)

0.006*

1.06 (0.91–1.25)

0.433

1.08 (0.93–1.26)

0.313

1.258 (1.002–1.578)

0.048*

TC â‰¤ 5.20 mmol/L

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

TC > 5.20 mmol/L

2.00 (1.25–3.21)

0.004*

0.97 (0.69–1.37)

0.868

1.10 (0.75–1.62)

0.638

1.82 (1.12–2.94)

0.015*

TG, mol/L

0.86 (0.68–1.08)

0.183

0.97 (0.85–1.10)

0.622

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

0.643

0.97 (0.80–1.19)

0.783

TG ≤ 1.70 mmol/L

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

TG > 1.70 mmol/L

0.94 (0.58–1.50)

0.786

0.95 (0.70–1.28)

0.742

1.13 (0.80–1.58)

0.491

0.91 (0.58–1.42)

0.669

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.88 (0.95–3.74)

0.071

0.99 (0.60–1.64)

0.977

1.13 (0.61–2.09)

0.705

1.73 (0.78–3.82)

0.177

1.70 â‰¥ HDL-C â‰¥ 1.04 mmol/L

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L

1.28 (0.71–2.32)

0.414

0.98 (0.68–1.42)

0.922

0.62 (0.39–1.002)

0.051

0.67 (0.38–1.19)

0.169

HDL-C > 1.70 mmol/L

2.29 (1.23–4.27)

0.009*

1.25 (0.75–2.08)

0.399

0.91 (0.43–1.94)

0.806

1.14 (0.47–2.76)

0.763

LDL-C, mmol/L

1.56 (1.16–2.10)

0.003*

1.18 (0.98–1.42)

0.076

1.23 (1.03–1.45)

0.020*

1.32 (1.02–1.70)

0.032*

LDL-C â‰¤ 3.12 mmol/L

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

LDL-C > 3.12 mmol/L

2.71 (1.71–4.29)

< 0.001*

1.34 (0.98–1.83)

0.07

1.57 (1.12–2.21)

0.009*

1.81 (1.16–2.82)

0.008*

Non-HDL-C, mmol/L

1.40 (1.06–1.85)

0.019*

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

0.394

1.09 (0.92–1.28)

0.325

1.25 (0.97–1.59)

0.081

Non-HDL-C < 3.4 mmol/L

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Non-HDL-C â‰¥ 3.4 mmol/L

2.06 (1.29–3.31)

0.003*

1.28 (0.95–1.73)

0.098

1.55 (1.11–2.16)

0.010*

1.79 (1.16–2.77)

0.009*

LDL-C/HDL-C

1.30 (0.94–1.80)

0.108

1.23 (0.99–1.53)

0.065

1.18 (0.98–1.42)

0.077

1.13 (0.85–1.52)

0.405

1.31 < LDL-C/HDL-C < 3.19

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

LDL-C/HDL-C â‰¤ 1.31

1.43 (0.66–3.09)

0.363

1.15 (0.73–1.80)

0.544

0.84 (0.42–1.71)

0.636

1.25 (0.57–2.73)

0.583

LDL-C/HDL-C â‰¥ 3.19

1.89 (0.73–4.89)

0.19

2.02 (1.20–3.42)

0.008*

1.36 (0.83–2.21)

0.219

1.20 (0.62–2.30)

0.589

  1. Abbreviations: TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HR hazards ratio
  2. Values were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking and drinking status, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease history and per se use of lipid-lowering medication and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, SFA, PUFA, MUFA and number of APOE ε4 alleles
  3. Elementary school: ≤6 years of education; Junior middle school: 7–9 years of education; Senior middle school: 10–12 years of education; College and above: at least college or university; ≥13 years of education)
  4. ∗P < 0.05