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Table 8 Subanalysis for results of mixed-effects regression models predicting cognitive test performance from serum cholesterol by different educational groups

From: Longitudinal and nonlinear relations of dietary and Serum cholesterol in midlife with cognitive decline: results from EMCOA study

Cognitive tests

TC2

TC

TG2

TG

HDL-C2

HDL-C

LDL-C2

LDL-C

Non-HDL-C2

Non-HDL-C

LDL-C/HDL-C2

LDL-C/HDL-C

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

Elementary school (n = 418)

 MoCA

− 0.128

1.102

− 0.072

0.366

1.411

−3.634

− 0.208

1.016

− 0.191

1.103

− 0.099

0.232

 AVLT-IR

−0.027

0.205

0.037

− 0.287

0.071

0.002

−0.029

− 0.025

− 0.079

0.445

− 0.010

− 0.225

 AVLT-SR

− 0.055

0.503

0.011

− 0.036

− 0.525

1.604

− 0.053

0.266

− 0.100

0.646

− 0.030

0.042

 AVLT-LR

−0.061

0.599

− 0.018

0.115

−0.129

0.462

−0.102

0.630

−0.124

0.861

−0.044

0.208

 SDMT

0.093

−1.779

− 0.210

0.802

−1.413

4.817

0.072

−1.138

0.026

−1.357

0.038

−1.229

 DSF

−0.030

0.254

−0.010

0.106

−0.127

0.271

−0.088

0.468

−0.065

0.419

−0.106

0.513

 LMT

0.259

−2.713

−0.110

1.212

2.315

−7.679

0.265

−2.009

0.052

−0.485

0.043

−0.343

Junior middle school (n = 925)

 MoCA

0.122*

−1.150*

−0.013

0.082

−0.108

0.598

0.149

−0.876

0.124*

−0.869*

0.021

−0.241

 AVLT-IR

0.164*

−1.536*

−0.010

0.149

0.936

−2.163

0.225

−1.515*

0.186*

−1.306*

0.055

−0.646

 AVLT-SR

0.083*

−0.824*

−0.001

0.058

0.762*

−2.188*

0.143*

−0.948*

0.101*

−0.730*

0.155

−0.832*

 AVLT-LR

0.067

−0.669

−0.008

0.164

0.935*

−2.849*

0.149*

−0.958*

0.095*

−0.673*

0.177

−0.846

 SDMT

−0.011

−0.501

0.058*

−0.833*

−2.383

6.464

−0.167

0.455

−0.009

− 0.586

−0.418

1.403

 DSF

0.010

−0.068

−0.004

0.005

−0.354

1.059

0.047

−0.223

−0.015

0.126

−0.014

0.081

 LMT

0.104

−1.216

−0.017

0.148

0.927

−3.183

0.297*

−1.925*

0.108

−0.940

−0.040

0.021

Senior middle school (n = 764)

 MoCA

0.008

0.019

0.006

−0.037

0.080

−0.183

0.029

−0.194

− 0.036

0.364

0.026

−0.153

 AVLT-IR

0.022

−0.195

0.004

0.040

1.178

−3.704

0.139

−1.063

−0.010

0.121

0.059

−0.432

 AVLT-SR

0.037

−0.389

0.011

−0.109

1.560*

−4.367*

0.038

−0.366

0.021

−0.184

0.062*

−0.436*

 AVLT-LR

0.061

−0.585

0.008

−0.001

1.712*

−4.820*

0.062

−0.494

0.052

−0.348

0.069*

−0.441

 SDMT

−0.133

1.337

−0.051

0.909

−1.483

3.480

−0.086

0.292

−0.303

2.237

−0.094

0.391

 DSF

0.001

−0.010

−0.001

− 0.005

−0.192

0.654

−0.008

0.000

−0.018

0.121

−0.002

− 0.071

 LMT

0.076

−0.858

−0.005

0.159

0.926

−2.362

0.142

−1.264

0.067

−0.624

0.095

−0.944

College and above (n = 407)

 MoCA

−0.026

0.237

0.025

−0.297

−0.796

2.968

−0.039

0.093

−0.031

0.140

−0.227*

0.747

 AVLT-IR

−0.173

1.613

−0.010

−0.145

−2.518

7.657

−0.168

0.901

−0.181

1.140

−0.325

1.223

 AVLT-SR

−0.084

0.790

−0.006

−0.047

−1.559*

4.756*

−0.080

0.414

−0.080

0.499

−0.165

0.581

 AVLT-LR

−0.061

0.500

0.005

−0.196

−0.524

1.999

−0.044

0.150

−0.068

0.326

−0.047

− 0.051

 SDMT

−0.281

2.907

−0.105

0.899

−8.171*

23.727*

−0.802*

4.809*

−0.323

2.387

−1.086*

4.840

 DSF

−0.039

0.425

0.017

−0.130

−0.698

2.184*

−0.065

0.454

−0.026

0.213

−0.069

0.338

 LMT

−0.006

−0.113

0.075

−0.658

−1.188

4.261

−0.108

0.327

0.014

−0.394

−0.460

1.599

  1. Abbreviations: MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; AVLT-IR: auditory verbal learning test-immediate recall; AVLT-SR: auditory verbal learning test-short recall; AVLT-LR: auditory verbal learning test-long recall; SDMT: symbol digit modalities test; DSF: digit span forwards; LMT: logical memory test; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; Non-HDL-C: non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  2. β: unstandardized regression coefficients were obtained from mixed-effects regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking and drinking status, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease history and per se use of lipid-lowering medication, number of APOE ε4 alleles and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, SFA, PUFA, and MUFA
  3. Elementary school: ≤6 years of education; Junior middle school: 7–9 years of education; Senior middle school: 10–12 years of education; College and above: at least college or university; ≥13 years of education)
  4. ∗P < 0.05