Fig. 3
From: Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels in Parkinson’s disease are influenced by treatment
Prior to treatment, ccf-mtDNA levels are associated with PD-related comorbidities. a CSF ccf-mtDNA levels are associated with anxiety/depression in PD patients at 0 months (mean ccf-mtDNA in 232 PD cases without anxiety/depression 2.1 (95%CI = 2.05–2.19), versus 2.3 (95%CI = 2.19–2.44) in 59 PD cases with anxiety/depression, Student’s t-test p = 0.013, Cohen’s d = 0.37), but not at 36 months (mean ccf-mtDNA in 136 PD cases without anxiety/depression 2.12 (95%CI = 2.03–2.21), versus 1.94 (95%CI = 1.78–2.14) in 40 PD cases with anxiety/depression, Student’s t-test p = 0.092). b CSF ccf-mtDNA levels are associated with insomnia in PD patients at 0 months (mean ccf-mtDNA in 277 PD cases without insomnia 2.1 (95%CI = 2.08–2.20), versus 2.5 (95%CI = 2.25–2.79) in 14 PD cases with insomnia, Student’s t-test p = 0.009, Cohen’s d = 0.76), but not at 36 months (mean ccf-mtDNA in 165 PD cases without insomnia 2.1 (95%CI = 2.00–2.79), versus 2.2 (95%CI = 1.82–2.57) in 11 PD cases with insomnia, Student’s t-test p = 0.486). Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval (95%CI)