Fig. 2

HDL, but not LDL, reduces Aβ42 accumulation in the bioengineered vessels by penetrating in the vascular wall. a Aβ42 monomers (1 μM) were injected into the tissue chamber concomitantly with circulating 200 μg/mL (total protein) of HDL or mixLDL (LDL, VLDL and ILDL) through the lumen. After 24 h, tissues were lysed in RIPA and Aβ42 was measured using ELISA. After injection of Aβ42 as above, HDL (200 μg/mL) was circulated through the lumen and Aβ42 accumulation was measured after 6 h (b) or 72 h (c). d Schematic representation of the experimental design for panels (e) and (f). Bioengineered vessels were treated with Aβ42 with or without HDL (1) or pre-treated with 200 μg/mL HDL for 24 h before injecting Aβ42 without (2) or with (3) washing. 24 h after Aβ42 injection, Aβ accumulation was measured in RIPA (e) or GuHCl (f) fractions. g HDL (200 μg/mL) was circulated through lumen of bioengineered vessels for 24 h before measuring apoA-I in vascular tissues using ELISA. h Alexa 633-labeled HDL (depicted in white) was circulated through the circulation of engineered vessel before, washing, fixing and imaging using confocal microscopy, representative image of three bioengineered vessels. Points in graphed data represent individual bioengineered vessels, bars represent mean, error bars represent ±SEM and analysed by Student’s t-test or one way ANOVA *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001