Fig. 3
From: Neurofilaments in motor neuron disorders: towards promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
The increase of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma/serum neurofilament light and heavy chain in different phases of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The figure shows the increase of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma/serum neurofilament light (NfL) and heavy (NfH) chain in different phases (presymptomatic, symptomatic and after treatment) of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases associated with axonal damage. Columns represent mean values reported before symptoms onset (black), after symptom onset (grey), and after treatment (light grey). As far as HIV is concerned, the onset refers to neurological impairment, and the presymptomatic phase refers to neuro-asymptomatic status. As far as treatment is concerned, it refers to Nusinersen treatment for SMA, Tofersen treatment for SOD1 ALS and ART for HIV. The specific reference list is reported in online supplementary material. Abbreviations: ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HD, Huntington’s Disease; NfL, neurofilament light chain; pNfH, neurofilament heavy chain, SMA, spinal muscular atrophy