Fig. 2

IMS-088 treatment reduces ethacrynic acid-induced TDP-43 proteinopathy in cultured cells. a Representative immunostaining and (b) immunoblot showing ethacrynic acid treatment induced cytoplasmic TDP-43 in HEK293 cells. Presence of IMS-088 in the media has reduced the cytoplasmic mis-localization in the cells. Pictures represent merge of hTDP-43 (red) and Hoechst (nuclei, blue) channels, Scale bar = 50 μm. c Data are represented as % cells showing TDP-43 cytoplasmic mis-localization [15] frames were analysed from 3 independent experiments). Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test as the post-test (***P < 0.0001). d Immunoblot and (e) quantification of RIPA soluble or insoluble TDP-43 in Hek293 cells received different treatments. (n = 3–4; 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test as the post-test). f Data showing cell survival assay difference observed in different treatment groups (n = 4; 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test as the post-test). Graphs show mean ± sem