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Table 1 Study population features

From: Comprehensive metabolic profiling of Parkinson’s disease by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

 

PD(n = 223)

HC (n = 169)

NDC (n = 68)

p value a

Cohort 1

 Number of individuals

36

43

 

 Age, mean ± SE

64.4 ± 1.5

65.5 ± 1.2

0.6826

 Gender (m/f)

20/16

25/18

0.8173

 Duration of disease (year), mean ± SE

4.4 ± 0.8

 

 H&Y stage, mean ± SE

2.1 ± 0.1

 

Cohort 2

 Number of individuals

65

32

 

 Age, mean ± SE

66.2 ± 1.3

64.6 ± 1.7

0.6367

 Gender (m/f)

36/29

18/14

0.9651

 Duration of disease (year), mean ± SE

5.1 ± 0.5

 

 H&Y stage, mean ± SE

2.1 ± 0.1

 

Cohort 3

 Number of individuals

122

94

68

 

 Age, mean ± SE

68.2 ± 1.0

68.6 ± 0.8

68.6 ± 1.1

0.9576

 Gender (m/f)

68/54

51/43

37/31

0.9720

 Duration of disease (year), mean ± SE

5.6 ± 0.4

 

 H&Y stage, mean ± SE

2.4 ± 0.1

 
  1. a The Mann–Whitney U test (PD and HC) or one-way ANOVA (PD, HC and NDC) was used to calculate the statistical significance difference in age distribution between the groups in each cohort. A chi-square test was applied to investigate the difference in gender composition
  2. In cohort1, all the PD patients were drug-naïve patients. In cohort 2, 14 were drug-naïve, 51 were treated PD patients (L-dopa-treated, pramipexol-treated or the combination of L-dopa and pramipexol-treated). In cohort 3, 27 were drug-naïve, 95 were treated PD patients. Most of the patients in NDC group did not receive regular medications, except for 9 patients with epilepsy who were treated with antiepileptic drugs. There is no significant difference in caffeine consumption between PD and controls. m/f indicates ratio of the number of males to the number of females