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Table 2 Statistical results of bile acids contents and ratios in drug-naïve PD, treated PD and healthy controls in cohort 1 and cohort 2

From: Comprehensive metabolic profiling of Parkinson’s disease by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Category

BAs/ratios

Cohort 1

Cohort 2

DN-PD vs. HC

DN-PD vs. HC

DO-PD vs. DN-PD

CO-PD vs. DN-PD

p

FDR

FC1

p

FDR

FC2

p

FDR

FC3

p

FDR

FC4

Primary

CA

0.0183

0.1034

2.64

0.4102

0.6766

1.98

0.9096

0.9096

0.83

0.9329

0.9912

1.09

CDCA

0.1978

0.3422

1.53

0.4378

0.6766

1.48

0.5702

0.7455

0.77

0.8531

0.9912

0.94

Secondary

DCA

0.0033

0.0499

1.76

0.7114

0.7802

1.02

0.2237

0.6337

0.81

0.3545

0.7532

0.90

UDCA

0.2595

0.4201

0.67

0.9905

0.9905

0.92

0.0770

0.2908

0.43

0.6494

0.9912

0.95

LCA

0.4026

0.6029

1.19

0.7837

0.8074

1.03

0.3384

0.6907

0.67

0.9866

1.0000

0.87

Primary conjugated

GCA

0.0424

0.1601

1.43

0.0272

0.2314

1.72

0.0055

0.0376

0.40

0.0529

0.3594

0.81

TCA

0.1776

0.3422

1.31

0.0226

0.2314

1.99

0.0017

0.0197

0.29

0.0090

0.1872

0.71

TCAS

0.0073

0.0499

2.07

0.0412

0.2804

2.78

0.4266

0.6907

0.57

0.0665

0.3768

0.37

TCDCA

0.4492

0.6109

1.47

0.0054

0.1230

2.05

0.0067

0.0382

0.36

0.0110

0.1873

0.47

GCDCA

0.1034

0.2510

1.44

0.0072

0.1230

1.75

0.0010

0.0197

0.43

0.0299

0.3385

0.56

GCDCS

0.9960

0.9960

0.99

0.4239

0.6766

1.08

0.0027

0.0228

0.43

0.1727

0.5337

0.68

Secondary conjugated

TDCA

0.0069

0.0499

2.52

0.0546

0.3096

3.63

0.3551

0.6907

0.37

0.0829

0.4027

0.41

GDCA

0.0006

0.0196

2.81

0.0643

0.3122

2.94

0.3384

0.6907

0.46

0.1523

0.5337

0.55

TUDCA

0.7675

0.8417

0.89

0.2373

0.5379

1.11

0.0012

0.0197

0.41

0.0416

0.3540

0.67

GUDCA

0.6774

0.7942

1.02

0.0878

0.3318

1.35

0.0119

0.0578

0.38

0.2320

0.6066

0.58

GDCS

0.0278

0.1182

1.63

0.2101

0.5379

2.43

0.3898

0.6907

0.50

0.4489

0.8475

0.51

TLCA

0.1744

0.3422

1.22

0.1421

0.4391

2.00

0.1398

0.4754

0.49

0.2738

0.6206

0.68

TLCAS

0.0689

0.1952

1.39

0.2670

0.5673

2.11

0.3551

0.6907

0.67

0.2738

0.6206

0.43

GLCA

0.1909

0.3422

0.98

0.3967

0.6766

0.99

0.4854

0.7455

0.92

0.9062

0.9912

1.00

TDCS

0.7598

0.8417

1.47

0.228

0.5379

1.41

0.0496

0.2109

0.49

0.1623

0.5337

0.57

GLCAS

0.0244

0.1182

1.37

0.5115

0.7246

1.51

0.5269

0.7455

0.66

0.9329

0.9912

0.79

GUDCS

0.4083

0.6029

0.71

0.5748

0.7516

0.61

0.1581

0.4886

0.52

0.7747

0.9912

1.59

Bile acid synthesis:

primary/alternative pathway

CA/CDCA

0.0058

0.0499

1.76

0.5427

0.7381

1.26

0.4080

0.6907

1.07

0.7747

0.9912

1.11

Conversion from primary to secondary bile acid by the gut microbiome

DCA/CA

0.6340

0.7942

1.01

0.6761

0.7802

0.95

0.4266

0.6907

0.74

0.8006

0.9912

0.96

GDCA/CA

0.5180

0.6773

2.16

0.5115

0.7246

4.39

0.6613

0.7495

0.37

0.7490

0.9912

0.35

TDCA/CA

0.6628

0.7942

2.03

0.4102

0.6766

5.28

0.6150

0.7480

0.39

0.5333

0.9067

0.27

UDCA/CDCA

0.0838

0.2192

0.65

0.3218

0.6436

0.77

0.3898

0.6907

0.58

0.8796

0.9912

0.78

LCA/CDCA

0.8529

0.9062

1.13

0.6246

0.7584

1.09

0.7827

0.8064

0.85

0.9329

0.9912

0.77

GLCA/CDCA

0.1503

0.3408

1.00

0.7114

0.7802

1.09

0.5701

0.7455

1.00

1.0000

1.0000

0.92

TLCA/CDCA

0.9481

0.9768

1.28

0.6246

0.7584

2.89

0.6380

0.7480

0.54

0.6254

0.9912

0.52

Glycine or taurine conjugation of secondary bile acids by liver enzymes

GDCA/DCA

0.0689

0.1952

1.20

0.1774

0.5026

2.12

0.7828

0.8064

1.39

0.2066

0.5853

0.54

TDCA/DCA

0.2013

0.3422

1.12

0.1179

0.4009

2.44

0.6380

0.7480

1.49

0.1174

0.4990

0.42

TUDCA/UDCA

0.4256

0.6029

1.49

0.7472

0.7939

2.32

0.7090

0.7776

0.48

0.5114

0.9067

0.50

GUDCA/UDCA

0.0674

0.1952

1.70

0.0793

0.3318

2.50

0.5269

0.7455

0.67

0.4094

0.8188

0.55

  1. To calculate p values the Mann–Whitney U test was applied. A standard Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to control the false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple hypothesis testing. FC1: the ratio of DN-PD to HC in cohort 1; FC2: the ratio of DN-PD to HC in cohort 2; FC3: the ratio of DO-PD to DN-PD in cohort 2; FC4: the ratio of CO-PD to DN-PD in cohort 2. CA/CDCA was used to evaluate a possible shift in bile acid biosynthesis form primary to the alternative pathway. DCA/CA, GDCA/CA, TDCA/CA, UDCA/CDCA, LCA/CDCA, GLCA/CDCA and TLCA/CDCA were calculated to evaluate the enzymatic active of gut microbiome to covert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. GDCA/DCA, TDCA/DCA, TUDCA/UDCA and GUDCA/UDCA were used to evaluate the enzymatic activity related to taurine and glycine conjugation of secondary bile acids [22]
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Molecular Neurodegeneration

ISSN: 1750-1326