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Fig. 5 | Molecular Neurodegeneration

Fig. 5

From: Parkinson mice show functional and molecular changes in the gut long before motoric disease onset

Fig. 5

Effect of A30P α-synuclein on neuronal markers in whole-mounts muscle layers from pre-symptomatic (ps) A30P mice. Distribution of neurofilament light chain (Nefl) (a), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2) (b) and calbindin 2 (Calb2) (c), in full thickness muscle layers of the large intestine (LI) in psA30P and wild type (WT) mice. There were significantly fewer Nefl-, Vamp2-, and Calb2-positive cells in pre-symptomatic (ps)A30P mice than in WT mice. Three-dimensional (3-D) images were made of full thickness intestinal walls immunostained for Calb2 (d) and confirmed the 2-D impressions (c) of muscle layer stainings. WT mice are shown in blue, psA30P mice in red. Quantitative data were analyzed with ImageJ and are expressed as means ± SD from n = 5 independent experiments using GraphPad Prism 8. Nefl and Calb2 expressions were calculated per picture section, Vamp2 expression was analyzed per ganglionic area (class III beta tubulin (Tuj1) positive area). ** p ≤ 0.01 and *** p ≤ 0.001 using Student’s t test and Cohen’s d (Supplementary Table 7d). 3-D images are presented using the depth-coding mode, where a depth color code corresponds to the position within the volume. The scale bar displays the spatial distribution of the color coding. The serosal side of whole-tissue samples was set at 0 μm and is depicted in blue. The top of the villi is displayed in red. Images are shown as a top view

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