Fig. 1

L-DL shows an age-dependent decrease in the brain. a, b Levels of L-DL and S-DL in the hippocampus of 3-month- and 24-month-old mice (3 M and 24 M, respectively; n = 3 per group), determined by immunoblotting (a) and densitometric analyses (b). GAPDH was included as an input control. c, d Levels of L-DL, NeuN, a neuronal marker, and GFAP, an astrocytic marker, in cultured neurons and astrocytes, were determined by immunoblotting (c) and densitometric analyses (n = 3) (d). e Representative immunofluorescence images of NeuN or GFAP (green), L-DL (red) and DAPI (blue) in the CA1 of hippocampus of 3-month-old (3 M) mice. Scale bars: 10 μm. f Protein levels of L-DL in the nucleus and cytoplasm of hippocampal tissue lysates, as measured by immunoblotting. Lamin B1 and GAPDH were included as input controls. g Representative immunofluorescence images of L-DL (red) and DAPI (blue) in the CA1 region of 3-month-old (3 M) mice. The right panel showed magnifications of grey squares indicated in the overview images of the left panel. The nucleus is denoted by white circles. Scale bars: 25 μm. Statistical analysis was performed using by ANOVA or two-tailed Student’s t-test; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; error bars denote SEM