Fig. 3
From: Synaptic dysfunction of Aldh1a1 neurons in the ventral tegmental area causes impulsive behaviors
Expression of exogenous Aldh1a1 in Aldh1a1-lacking neurons rescues delay of gratification. a, The expression of eAldh1a1-ChR2 in Aldh1a1−/− neurons (Aldh1a1eAldh1a1-ChR2) and GFP in EGNIS (EGNISGFP) in Aldh1a1−/− mice. b, The illustration shows whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from EGNISGFP. Synaptic currents are evoked by blue laser light stimulation on Aldh1a1eAldh1a1-ChR2 axon fibers. c, Three representative IPSCs are recorded from EGNISGFP neurons in the slices from Aldh1a1+/+ (blue) or Aldh1a1−/− (red) mice with the expression of eAldh1a1-ChR2 or tdT-ChR2 in Aldh1a1 neurons. The plot shows the mean amplitude of the evoked IPSCs in the presence of 20 μM CNQX at a holding potential of −70 mV from the individual slices (circles) and the averages per group (triangles, mean ± SEM, n = 12 recordings/six mice/group). d, The plot shows the average C. S of Aldh1a1+/+ with the expression of eAldh1a1 (blue) or tdT (green) and Aldh1a1−/− mice with the expression of eAldh1a1 (red) or tdT (dark green) at each day of the probe trials (mean ± SEM, n = 9 mice/group). e, The plot shows the average R. T of Aldh1a1+/+ with the expression of eAldh1a1 (blue) or tdT (green) and Aldh1a1−/− mice with the expression of eAldh1a1 (red) or tdT (dark green) at each day of the probe trials (mean ± SEM, n = 9 mice/group). f, The plots show the percentage of the correct trials with the behavioral options for SIR, LDR, or LLR of Aldh1a1+/+ with the expression of eAldh1a1 (blue) or tdT (green) and Aldh1a1−/− mice with the expression of eAldh1a1 (red) or tdT (dark green) at each day of the probe trials (triangles, mean ± SEM, n = 9 mice/group). g, The plot shows the percentage of LRA visits at a delay of 0-3 s (blue) or 6-9 s (red) from individual (circles) Aldh1a1+/+ with the expression of eAldh1a1 or tdT and Aldh1a1−/− mice with the expression of eAldh1a1 or tdT and their averages per group (triangles, mean ± SEM, n = 11 mice/group) at day three of the testing sessions. All statistical data are summarized in Supplementary Table 1