Fig. 5

Genetic mapping synaptic inputs of Aldh1a1 neurons in adult mice. a, Illustration of retrograde tracing of synaptic inputs of Aldh1a1 neurons. Injection of rAAV1/2-TH-DIO-TVA/G virus causes the expression of TVA/G (green, 1) in CRE-expressing Aldh1a1 neurons (gray, 0). Twelve days later, ΔRV virus was injected, resulting in the expression of ΔRV in TVA/G-expressing Aldh1a1 neurons (yellow, 2) and neurons (red, 3) that project synapses directly onto Aldh1a1 neurons. b, The expression of ΔRV (red) in both the TVA/G-expressing Aldh1a1 neurons (green) and Aldh1a1 presynaptic neurons. c, The expression of ΔRV (red) in TVA/G-expressing Aldh1a1 neurons (yellow) in VTA. d, labeling of ΔRV-expressing neurons (red) with anti-CaMKIIα (green). e, Illustration (left) and the images (right) show the expression of ChR2 in L5PN. f, Three representative whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from Aldh1a1 neurons at a holding potential of + 60 mV. NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs were evoked by delivery of blue laser light onto axons of ChR2-expressing L5PN and blocked by 100 μM AP5. g, h, The illustration (top) shows the recordings from L5PN (g) or Aldh1a1 neurons (h) of adult freely behaving mice. Raster plots (middle) show that delivery of blue laser light (horizontal bar) onto ChR2-expressing L5PN caused action potential firings in single L5PN (g) or Aldh1a1 neurons (h) of adult freely behaving mice. The summary plots (bottom) show that the delivery of blue laser light (horizontal bar) onto ChR2-expressing L5PN caused action potential firings in L5PN (n = 15 cell/5 mice) or Aldh1a1 neurons (n = 14 cells/5 mice) of adult freely behaving mice. All statistical data are summarized in Supplementary Table 1