Fig. 2

α-Synuclein fibrils induce LRRK2 activity through JAK-STAT signaling. A Timeline of JAK inhibitor pretreatment and human α-synuclein fibrils administration to human monocyte-derived macrophages (MCSF expanded). Cell lysates were collected at the time points indicated. B Representative phase-contrast images of the macrophages before lysate collection. Scale bar is 20 μm. C Representative immunoblots of lysates treated with human ɑ-synuclein fibrils (0.7 nM, or 1 μg・mL^− 1) as indicated, with (+) or without (−) the JAK inhibitor Tofacitinib citrate (100 nM, JAK1/2/3). D-E Quantification from three independent experiments (two healthy males and one healthy female, age range 24 to 34 years old). of lysates analyzed at 72 h post-fibril exposure, with or without Tofacitinib as indicated. F-H Macrophages were treated with Ruxolitinib (100 nM, Jak1/2 selective) or I-K AZD1480 (100 nM, Jak2 selective), as indicated. Data are plotted as the mean (red bars) ± SEM. Significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05 for selected group comparisons