Table 4 Some of the Microglial phenotypes identified by RNA-seq techniques up-to-date
Microglial Phenotype | Hallmark genes | References |
|---|---|---|
DAM | ↓ Homeostatic genes (P2ry12, Cx3cr1, Tmem119) ↑ ApoE, Itgax Ctsd, Igf1, Lpl, Clec7a, Tyrobp, Trem2 | [267] |
MGnD | ↓ Homeostatic genes (P2ry12, Tmem119, Gpr34, Csf1r, Hexb, and Mertk) ↑ ApoE, Spp1, Itgax, Lgals3, Axl, Clec7a, and Ccl2 | [269] |
WAM | ↓ Homeostatic genes (P2ry12, P2ry13, Csfr1r, Cx3cr1, Hexb, and Tmem119) ↑DAM genes (ApoE, Cst7, Bm2, Lyz2, Cd63, Clec7a), Cathepsins (tsb, Ctss, and Ctsz), MHC-II genes (H2-D1 and H2-K1) | [311] |
ATM | ↑ApoE, developmental genes (Gpnmb and Fabp5), Spp1, Lpl Gpnmb, Igf1, CD68, immunomodulators (Lgals1, Lgals3), lamp1, cd68 | [319] |
IRM | ↓ P2ry12 and Cx3cr1, ↑ ApoE, cell proliferation markers (Birc5), interferon and immune response (Cxcl10, Ifit2, Ifit3, Ifitm3 Oasl2, and Irf7), chemoattractant genes (CCl4) | [319] |
TRM | ↓ P2ry12 ↑ ApoE (lower levels than ARM), inflammation markers (Cst7) | [308] |
ARM | ↓ P2ry12 ↑ ApoE, MHC-II genes (H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74), tissue repair genes (Spp1, Gpnmb, and Dkk2), AD-related genes (Ctsb, Bin1, and Pld3) | [308] |
CPM | ↑ Genes DNA replication, chromatin rearrangement, and the cell cycle (Top2a, Mcm2, Tubb5, Cdk1, and Mki67) | [308] |
LDAM | ↑ Genes related to the production of ROS and NO (KL, PPP1CB, JAK, CAT, RAP1B), lipid-related genes (PLIN3), lipogenesis (ACLY) | [320] |