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Table 1 Bacteria altered in human AD patients compared to controls

From: The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

Study

Bacteria altered

Sample size

Location

Age-matched (y/n)

Sex-matched (y/n)

Reference number

Cattaneo et al. (2017)

Amyloid positive individuals had lower Eubacterium rectale and higher Escherichia/Shigella compared with both healthy controls and amyloid negative groups.

N = 83 total, 40 amyloid positive with cognitive impairment, 33 amyloid negative with cognitive impairment, 10 amyloid negative without cognitive impairment

Eastern Lombardy, Italy

y

y

[10]

Vogt et al. (2017)

AD patients had a decrease in Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium and increased levels of Bacteroidetes compared with healthy controls.

N = 50 total, 25 AD, 25 healthy controls

Wisconsin, USA

y

y

[11]

Zhuang et al. (2018)

AD patients had a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Actinobacteria in AD patients compared with healthy controls.

N = 86, 43 AD, 43 healthy controls

Chongqing, China

y

y

[15]

Liu et al. (2019)

AD patients had a reduction in Firmicutes and an increase in Proteobacteria compared with healthy controls.

N = 97 total, 33 AD, 32 MCI, 32 healthy controls

Hangzhou, China

y

y

[16]