The complicated cellular and biochemical changes that occur in brain during Alzheimer’s disease are poorly understood. In a previous study we used an unbiased label-free quantitative mass spectrometry-based pr...
Authors: Erik C. B. Johnson, Eric B. Dammer, Duc M. Duong, Luming Yin, Madhav Thambisetty, Juan C. Troncoso, James J. Lah, Allan I. Levey and Nicholas T. Seyfried
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents an urgent public health mandate. AD is no longer considered a neural-centric disease; rather, a plethora of recent studies strongly implicate a critical role played by neuro...
Neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and hyperactivity play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and progression. Amyloid-beta together with non-genetic risk-factors of Alzheimer’s disease contributes to incre...
Authors: Michael Dumbacher, Tom Van Dooren, Katrien Princen, Koen De Witte, Mélissa Farinelli, Sam Lievens, Jan Tavernier, Wim Dehaen, Stefaan Wera, Joris Winderickx, Sara Allasia, Amuri Kilonda, Stéphane Spieser, Arnaud Marchand, Patrick Chaltin, Casper C. Hoogenraad…
The R47H variant of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) significantly increases the risk for late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Mouse models accurately reproducing phenotypes observed in ...
Authors: Xianyuan Xiang, Thomas M. Piers, Benedikt Wefers, Kaichuan Zhu, Anna Mallach, Bettina Brunner, Gernot Kleinberger, Wilbur Song, Marco Colonna, Jochen Herms, Wolfgang Wurst, Jennifer M. Pocock and Christian Haass
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) lead to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) while the complete loss of progranulin (PGRN) function results in neuronal ceroid lipofuscino...
Authors: Julia K. Götzl, Alessio-Vittorio Colombo, Katrin Fellerer, Anika Reifschneider, Georg Werner, Sabina Tahirovic, Christian Haass and Anja Capell
Neurogranin (Ng) is a small 7.6 kDa postsynaptic protein that has been detected at elevated concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both as a full-length molecule...
Authors: Bruno Becker, Faisal Hayat Nazir, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Elena Camporesi, Hlin Kvartsberg, Erik Portelius, Martina Boström, Marie Kalm, Kina Höglund, Maria Olsson, Henrik Zetterberg and Kaj Blennow
Many neurodegenerative diseases are caused by nucleotide repeat expansions, but most expansions, like the C9orf72 ‘GGGGCC’ (G4C2) repeat that causes approximately 5–7% of all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) a...
Authors: Mark T. W. Ebbert, Stefan L. Farrugia, Jonathon P. Sens, Karen Jansen-West, Tania F. Gendron, Mercedes Prudencio, Ian J. McLaughlin, Brett Bowman, Matthew Seetin, Mariely DeJesus-Hernandez, Jazmyne Jackson, Patricia H. Brown, Dennis W. Dickson, Marka van Blitterswijk, Rosa Rademakers, Leonard Petrucelli…
The role of the alternative complement pathway and its mediation by retinal microglia and macrophages, is well-established in the pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). However, the contributi...
Authors: Haihan Jiao, Matt Rutar, Nilisha Fernando, Ted Yednock, Sethu Sankaranarayanan, Riemke Aggio-Bruce, Jan Provis and Riccardo Natoli
Microglia play critical roles in the brain during homeostasis and pathological conditions. Understanding the molecular events underpinning microglial functions and activation states will further enable us to t...
Authors: Justin Rustenhoven, Amy M. Smith, Leon C. Smyth, Deidre Jansson, Emma L. Scotter, Molly E. V. Swanson, Miranda Aalderink, Natacha Coppieters, Pritika Narayan, Renee Handley, Chris Overall, Thomas I. H. Park, Patrick Schweder, Peter Heppner, Maurice A. Curtis, Richard L. M. Faull…
Synucleinopathies of the aging population are an heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that includes Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are characterized by the progressiv...
Authors: Changyoun Kim, Brian Spencer, Edward Rockenstein, Hodaka Yamakado, Michael Mante, Anthony Adame, Jerel Adam Fields, Deborah Masliah, Michiyo Iba, He-Jin Lee, Robert A. Rissman, Seung-Jae Lee and Eliezer Masliah
The major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) is a key molecule for the interaction of mononucleated cells with CD8+T lymphocytes. We previously showed that MHCI is upregulated in the spinal cord microglia and mo...
Authors: Giovanni Nardo, Maria Chiara Trolese, Mattia Verderio, Alessandro Mariani, Massimiliano de Paola, Nilo Riva, Giorgia Dina, Nicolò Panini, Eugenio Erba, Angelo Quattrini and Caterina Bendotti
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease for which the genetic contribution is incompletely understood.
Authors: Jason A. Chen, Zhongbo Chen, Hyejung Won, Alden Y. Huang, Jennifer K. Lowe, Kevin Wojta, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Gilbert Bensimon, P. Nigel Leigh, Christine Payan, Aleksey Shatunov, Ashley R. Jones, Cathryn M. Lewis, Panagiotis Deloukas, Philippe Amouyel, Christophe Tzourio…
The combination of genetics and genomics in Parkinson´s disease has recently begun to unveil molecular mechanisms possibly underlying disease onset and progression. In particular, catabolic processes such as a...
Authors: Julia Obergasteiger, Giulia Frapporti, Peter P. Pramstaller, Andrew A. Hicks and Mattia Volta
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. About 90% of ALS cases are without a known genetic cause. The human endogenous retrovirus multi-copy HERV-K(HML-2) group was recently ...
Authors: Jens Mayer, Christian Harz, Laura Sanchez, Gavin C. Pereira, Esther Maldener, Sara R. Heras, Lyle W. Ostrow, John Ravits, Ranjan Batra, Eckart Meese, Jose Luis García-Pérez and John L. Goodier
The role of the innate immune system in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neurodegenerative disease susceptibility has recently been highlighted in genetic studies. However, we do not know whether risk for inflamma...
Authors: Daniel Felsky, Ellis Patrick, Julie A. Schneider, Sara Mostafavi, Chris Gaiteri, Nikolaos Patsopoulos, David A. Bennett and Philip L. De Jager
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a parkinsonian neurodegenerative tauopathy affecting brain regions involved in motor function, including the basal ganglia, diencephalon and brainstem. While PSP is larg...
Authors: Monica Y. Sanchez-Contreras, Naomi Kouri, Casey N. Cook, Daniel J. Serie, Michael G. Heckman, NiCole A. Finch, Richard J. Caselli, Ryan J. Uitti, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Neill Graff-Radford, Leonard Petrucelli, Li-San Wang, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Dennis W. Dickson, Rosa Rademakers and Owen A. Ross
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative disorders affecting the corticospinal tracts. To date, more than 78 HSP loci have been mapped to cause HSP. However, both...
Authors: En-Lin Dong, Chong Wang, Shuang Wu, Ying-Qian Lu, Xiao-Hong Lin, Hui-Zhen Su, Miao Zhao, Jin He, Li-Xiang Ma, Ning Wang, Wan-Jin Chen and Xiang Lin
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inherited as one of two common haplotypes at the transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) locus are associated with the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including f...
Authors: Yingxue Ren, Marka van Blitterswijk, Mariet Allen, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Joseph S. Reddy, Xue Wang, Thomas G. Beach, Dennis W. Dickson, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Yan W. Asmann and Rosa Rademakers
Microglia are innate immune cells of the brain that perform phagocytic and inflammatory functions in disease conditions. Transcriptomic studies of acutely-isolated microglia have provided novel insights into t...
Authors: Srikant Rangaraju, Eric B. Dammer, Syed Ali Raza, Tianwen Gao, Hailian Xiao, Ranjita Betarbet, Duc M. Duong, James A. Webster, Chadwick M. Hales, James J. Lah, Allan I. Levey and Nicholas T. Seyfried
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a recognized risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment (CI) and/or dementia, although the exact nature of the molecular pathology of T2D-associated CI remains obscure. On...
Authors: Cesar L. Moreno, Lucio Della Guardia, Valeria Shnyder, Maitane Ortiz-Virumbrales, Ilya Kruglikov, Bin Zhang, Eric E. Schadt, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Scott Noggle, Christoph Buettner and Sam Gandy
Loss of function mutations in progranulin (GRN) are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Progranulin is a secreted glycoprotein that localizes to lysosomes and is critical for proper lysosomal function...
Authors: Andrew E. Arrant, Alexandra M. Nicholson, Xiaolai Zhou, Rosa Rademakers and Erik D. Roberson
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of the polyglutamine repeat in the ataxin-3 protein. Expression of mutant ataxin-3 is known to result in tra...
Authors: Lodewijk J. A. Toonen, Maurice Overzier, Melvin M. Evers, Leticia G. Leon, Sander A. J. van der Zeeuw, Hailiang Mei, Szymon M. Kielbasa, Jelle J. Goeman, Kristina M. Hettne, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Marion Poirel, Alexandre Seyer, Peter A. C. ‘t Hoen and Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom
Paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies assembled on a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1. Their enhanced formation in spinal neurons of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has been reported but u...
Authors: Tatyana A. Shelkovnikova, Michail S. Kukharsky, Haiyan An, Pasquale Dimasi, Svetlana Alexeeva, Osman Shabir, Paul R. Heath and Vladimir L. Buchman
The R47H variant of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers greatly increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), reflective of a central role for myeloid cells in neurodegeneration. Un...
Authors: Paul J. Cheng-Hathaway, Erin G. Reed-Geaghan, Taylor R. Jay, Brad T. Casali, Shane M. Bemiller, Shweta S. Puntambekar, Victoria E. von Saucken, Roxanne Y. Williams, J. Colleen Karlo, Miguel Moutinho, Guixiang Xu, Richard M. Ransohoff, Bruce T. Lamb and Gary E. Landreth
Several molecular pathways are currently being targeted in attempts to develop disease-modifying therapies to slow down neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Failure of cellular energy metabolism has long ...
Authors: Emmanuel Quansah, Wouter Peelaerts, J. William Langston, David K. Simon, Jerry Colca and Patrik Brundin
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect millions of people every year and so far, there...
Authors: Eduarda G Z Centeno, Helena Cimarosti and Angela Bithell
Administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function with control of neuroinflammation and neuronal protection in the 1-methyl-4-ph...
Authors: Charles R. Schutt, Howard E. Gendelman and R. Lee Mosley
Huntington Disease (HD) is an incurable autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder driven by an expansion repeat giving rise to the mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt), which is known to disrupt a multitude of...
Authors: Rebecca Kusko, Jennifer Dreymann, Jermaine Ross, Yoonjeong Cha, Renan Escalante-Chong, Marta Garcia-Miralles, Liang Juin Tan, Michael E. Burczynski, Ben Zeskind, Daphna Laifenfeld, Mahmoud Pouladi, Michal Geva, Iris Grossman and Michael R. Hayden
Disease-associated-microglia (DAM) represent transcriptionally-distinct and neurodegeneration-specific microglial profiles with unclear significance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An understanding of heterogenei...
Authors: Srikant Rangaraju, Eric B. Dammer, Syed Ali Raza, Priyadharshini Rathakrishnan, Hailian Xiao, Tianwen Gao, Duc M. Duong, Michael W. Pennington, James J. Lah, Nicholas T. Seyfried and Allan I. Levey
Prior studies in C. elegans demonstrated that the expression of aggregation-prone polyglutamine proteins in muscle wall cells compromised the folding of co-expressed temperature-sensitive proteins, prompting inte...
Authors: Michael C. Pace, Guilian Xu, Susan Fromholt, John Howard, Benoit I. Giasson, Jada Lewis and David R. Borchelt
Extracellular aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into toxic multimers is a key event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ aggregation is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations of Aβ...
Authors: Jane C. Hettinger, Hyo Lee, Guojun Bu, David M. Holtzman and John R. Cirrito
Intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates known as Lewy bodies (LBs) and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (...
Authors: Norihito Uemura, Hisashi Yagi, Maiko T. Uemura, Yusuke Hatanaka, Hodaka Yamakado and Ryosuke Takahashi
Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing burden in modern society, thus crucially calling for the development of accurate diagnostic strategies. These diseases are currently incurable, a fact which has been at...
Authors: Maria Paraskevaidi, Pierre L. Martin-Hirsch and Francis L. Martin
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal neurodegenerative conditions characterized by primary dysfunction and death of photoreceptor cells, resulting in visual loss and, eventually, blindnes...
Authors: Alonso Sánchez-Cruz, Beatriz Villarejo-Zori, Miguel Marchena, Josefa Zaldivar-Díez, Valle Palomo, Carmen Gil, Ignacio Lizasoain, Pedro de la Villa, Ana Martínez, Enrique J. de la Rosa and Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
Proteolytic processing of the prion protein (PrPC) by endogenous proteases generates bioactive membrane-bound and soluble fragments which may help to explain the pleiotropic roles of this protein in the nervous s...
Authors: Luise Linsenmeier, Behnam Mohammadi, Sebastian Wetzel, Berta Puig, Walker S. Jackson, Alexander Hartmann, Keiji Uchiyama, Suehiro Sakaguchi, Kristina Endres, Jörg Tatzelt, Paul Saftig, Markus Glatzel and Hermann C. Altmeppen
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality, to which there is currently no comprehensive treatment. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) dysfunction is well documented in human TBI patients...
Authors: Bevan S. Main, Sonia Villapol, Stephanie S. Sloley, David J. Barton, Maia Parsadanian, Chinyere Agbaegbu, Kathryn Stefos, Mondona S. McCann, Patricia M. Washington, Olga C. Rodriguez and Mark P. Burns
Aging is the strongest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and extended age results in neuronal degeneration and functional decline in the visual system. Among many contributing factors to age-related d...
Authors: Todd McLaughlin, Marek Falkowski, Jae Whan Park, Stephen Keegan, Michael Elliott, Joshua J. Wang and Sarah X. Zhang
TREM2 is an innate immune receptor specifically expressed in microglia. Coding variations in TREM2 have been reported to increase the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Whi...
Authors: Li Zhong, Zongqi Wang, Daxin Wang, Zhe Wang, Yuka A. Martens, Linbei Wu, Ying Xu, Kai Wang, Jianguo Li, Ruizhi Huang, Dan Can, Huaxi Xu, Guojun Bu and Xiao-Fen Chen
Metabolically-obese, normal-weight (MONW) individuals are not obese in terms of weight and height but have a number of obesity-related features (e.g. greater visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and increas...
Authors: Margalida Cifre, Andreu Palou and Paula Oliver
We have evaluated the efficacy of targeting the toxic, oligomeric form of tau protein by passive immunotherapy in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia are two of the mos...
Authors: Julia E. Gerson, Kathleen M. Farmer, Natalie Henson, Diana L. Castillo-Carranza, Mariana Carretero Murillo, Urmi Sengupta, Alan Barrett and Rakez Kayed
Degeneration of cone photoreceptors leads to loss of vision in patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other cone dystrophies. Evidence, such as choroidal ischemia and decreased chor...
Authors: Maya Barben, Christian Schori, Marijana Samardzija and Christian Grimm
Besides the two main classical features of amyloid beta aggregation and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangle deposition, neuroinflammation plays an important yet unclear role in the pathophysiology of Alzheim...
Authors: Justyna Sosna, Stephan Philipp, Ricardo Albay III, Jorge Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz, David Baglietto-Vargas, Frank M. LaFerla and Charles G. Glabe
Dynactin p150Glued, the largest subunit of the dynactin macromolecular complex, binds to both microtubules and tubulin dimers through the N-terminal cytoskeleton-associated protein and glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) and ...
Authors: Jia Yu, Chen Lai, Hoon Shim, Chengsong Xie, Lixin Sun, Cai-Xia Long, Jinhui Ding, Yan Li and Huaibin Cai
α-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein abundant in the cytoplasmic compartment of neurons, whereas its presence in the extracellular space has also been observed under physiological conditions. Extracellular α-s...
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Elevated kinase activity is associated with LRRK2 toxicity, but the substrates that m...
Authors: Ga Ram Jeong, Eun-Hae Jang, Jae Ryul Bae, Soyoung Jun, Ho Chul Kang, Chi-Hu Park, Joo-Ho Shin, Yukio Yamamoto, Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Eun-Mi Hur and Byoung Dae Lee
Progressive neuron loss in the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex typifies frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD sub types are classified on the basis of neuronal aggregated protein dep...
Authors: Laura M. Taylor, Pamela J. McMillan, Nicole F. Liachko, Timothy J. Strovas, Bernardino Ghetti, Thomas D. Bird, C. Dirk Keene and Brian C. Kraemer
β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of amyloid beta (Aβ), the toxic peptide that accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patie...
Authors: WonHee Kim, Liang Ma, Selene Lomoio, Rachel Willen, Sylvia Lombardo, Jinghui Dong, Philip G. Haydon and Giuseppina Tesco
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for energy metabolism and have a direct impact on neuronal function and survival. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been well characterized in Alzheimer Disease (AD)....
Authors: Sirui Jiang, Priya Nandy, Wenzhang Wang, Xiaopin Ma, Jeffrey Hsia, Chunyu Wang, Zhenlian Wang, Mengyue Niu, Sandra L. Siedlak, Sandy Torres, Hisashi Fujioka, Ying Xu, Hyoung-gon Lee, George Perry, Jun Liu and Xiongwei Zhu
Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) belongs to the family of neurodegenerative diseases caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion. In SCA17, polyQ expansion occurs in the TATA box binding protein (TBP) and leads...
Authors: Jifeng Guo, Yiting Cui, Qiong Liu, Yang Yang, Yujing Li, Ling Weng, Beisha Tang, Peng Jin, Xiao-Jiang Li, Su Yang and Shihua Li
Mutations in LRRK2 are a common genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 interacts with and phosphorylates a subset of Rab proteins including Rab8a, a protein which has been implicated in various centr...
Authors: Jesús Madero-Pérez, Elena Fdez, Belén Fernández, Antonio J. Lara Ordóñez, Marian Blanca Ramírez, Patricia Gómez-Suaga, Dieter Waschbüsch, Evy Lobbestael, Veerle Baekelandt, Angus C. Nairn, Javier Ruiz-Martínez, Ana Aiastui, Adolfo López de Munain, Pawel Lis, Thomas Comptdaer, Jean-Marc Taymans…
