Articles

Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation with monophosphoryl lipid A ameliorates motor deficits and nigral neurodegeneration triggered by extraneuronal α-synucleinopathy

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation represents the pathological hallmark of α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Toll-like rece...

Authors: Serena Venezia, Violetta Refolo, Alexia Polissidis, Leonidas Stefanis, Gregor K. Wenning and Nadia Stefanova

Dissecting the role of non-coding RNAs in the accumulation of amyloid and tau neuropathologies in Alzheimer’s disease

Given multiple studies of brain microRNA (miRNA) in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with few consistent results and the heterogeneity of this disease, the objective of this study was to explore their mech...

Authors: Ellis Patrick, Sathyapriya Rajagopal, Hon-Kit Andus Wong, Cristin McCabe, Jishu Xu, Anna Tang, Selina H. Imboywa, Julie A. Schneider, Nathalie Pochet, Anna M. Krichevsky, Lori B. Chibnik, David A. Bennett and Philip L. De Jager

Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies

Tauopathies are a broad set of neurodegenerative dementias characterized by aggregation of the tau protein into filamentous inclusions that can be found in neurons and glial cells. Activated microglia, astrocy...

Authors: Cheryl E. G. Leyns and David M. Holtzman

Targeting psychologic stress signaling pathways in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease; to date, no AD therapy has proven effective in delaying or preventing the disease course. In the search for novel therapeut...

Authors: Hunter S. Futch, Cara L. Croft, Van Q. Truong, Eric G. Krause and Todd E. Golde

Presenilins regulate synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway

Presenilins play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, in which the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable. Previous studies of Presenilin function in the synapse, however, focused exclusive...

Authors: Sang Hun Lee, David Lutz, Mohanad Mossalam, Vadim Y. Bolshakov, Michael Frotscher and Jie Shen

Microglia limit the expansion of β-amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Microglia are known as resident immune cells in the brain. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are surrounded by microglia, but whether and how microglia affect the formation and ma...

Authors: Ruohe Zhao, Wanling Hu, Julia Tsai, Wei Li and Wen-Biao Gan

A C9ORF72 BAC mouse model recapitulates key epigenetic perturbations of ALS/FTD

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with identified genetic causes representing a significant minority of all cases. A GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansi...

Authors: Rustam Esanov, Gabriela Toro Cabrera, Nadja S. Andrade, Tania F. Gendron, Robert H. Brown Jr., Michael Benatar, Claes Wahlestedt, Christian Mueller and Zane Zeier

Post translational changes to α-synuclein control iron and dopamine trafficking; a concept for neuron vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive. The primary clinical feature of progressively impaired motor control is caused by a loss of midbrain ...

Authors: James A. Duce, Bruce X. Wong, Hannah Durham, Jean-Christophe Devedjian, David P. Smith and David Devos

Autoimmune antibody decline in Parkinson’s disease and Multiple System Atrophy; a step towards immunotherapeutic strategies

Parkinson’s’ disease (PD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) are progressive brain disorders characterized by intracellular accumulations of α-synuclein and nerve cell loss in specific brain areas. This loss ca...

Authors: Tomasz Brudek, Kristian Winge, Jonas Folke, Søren Christensen, Karina Fog, Bente Pakkenberg and Lars Østergaard Pedersen

Intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein can lead to widespread synucleinopathy independent of neuroanatomic connectivity

Prionoid transmission of α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates along neuroanatomically connected projections is posited to underlie disease progression in α-synucleinopathies. Here, we specifically wanted to study whe...

Authors: Zachary A. Sorrentino, Mieu M.T. Brooks, Vincent Hudson III, Nicola J. Rutherford, Todd E. Golde, Benoit I. Giasson and Paramita Chakrabarty

Late onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heritable complex disease with no current effective prevention or treatment. The majority of drugs developed for AD focus on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which implicate...

Authors: Anastasia G. Efthymiou and Alison M. Goate

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the central nervous system

Persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to drive the pathology of many chronic disorders due to its potential to elicit aberrant inflammatory signaling and facilitate cell death. In neurodegene...

Authors: Neil T. Sprenkle, Savannah G. Sims, Cristina L. Sánchez and Gordon P. Meares

Phosphorylation of tau at Y18, but not tau-fyn binding, is required for tau to modulate NMDA receptor-dependent excitotoxicity in primary neuronal culture

Hyperexcitability of neuronal networks can lead to excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which in turn can cause neuronal damage by overactivating NMDA-type glutamate receptors and re...

Authors: Takashi Miyamoto, Liana Stein, Reuben Thomas, Biljana Djukic, Praveen Taneja, Joseph Knox, Keith Vossel and Lennart Mucke

Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase leads to elevation of O-GlcNAc tau and reduction of tauopathy and cerebrospinal fluid tau in rTg4510 mice

Hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau is a distinct feature of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that are the hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies. O-GlcNAcylation is a lesser known post...

Authors: Nicholas B. Hastings, Xiaohai Wang, Lixin Song, Brent D. Butts, Diane Grotz, Richard Hargreaves, J. Fred Hess, Kwok-Lam Karen Hong, Cathy Ruey-Ruey Huang, Lynn Hyde, Maureen Laverty, Julie Lee, Diane Levitan, Sherry X. Lu, Maureen Maguire, Veeravan Mahadomrongkul…

Anterograde monosynaptic transneuronal tracers derived from herpes simplex virus 1 strain H129

Herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 129 (H129) has represented a promising anterograde neuronal circuit tracing tool, which complements the existing retrograde tracers. However, the current H129 derived tracers...

Authors: Wen-Bo Zeng, Hai-Fei Jiang, Ya-Dong Gang, Yi-Ge Song, Zhang-Zhou Shen, Hong Yang, Xiao Dong, Yong-Lu Tian, Rong-Jun Ni, Yaping Liu, Na Tang, Xinyan Li, Xuan Jiang, Ding Gao, Michelle Androulakis, Xiao-Bin He…

Mutant TDP-43 does not impair mitochondrial bioenergetics in vitro and in vivo

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Functional studies of mitochondrial bioenergetics have focused...

Authors: Hibiki Kawamata, Pablo Peixoto, Csaba Konrad, Gloria Palomo, Kirsten Bredvik, Meri Gerges, Federica Valsecchi, Leonard Petrucelli, John M. Ravits, Anatoly Starkov and Giovanni Manfredi

Diurnal oscillation of CSF Aβ and other AD biomarkers

To assess stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and the efficacy of drugs during clinical trials, there has been immense interest in the field to establish baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentr...

Authors: Brendan P. Lucey, Anne M. Fagan, David M. Holtzman, John C. Morris and Randall J. Bateman

Dioxins and related environmental contaminants increase TDP-43 levels

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons and the accumulation of aggregated TAR DNA Binding Protein-43 (TDP-4...

Authors: Peter E. A. Ash, Elizabeth A. Stanford, Ali Al Abdulatif, Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas, Heather I. Ballance, Samantha Boudeau, Amanda Jeh, James M. Murithi, Yorghos Tripodis, George J. Murphy, David H. Sherr and Benjamin Wolozin

Humanized monoclonal antibody armanezumab specific to N-terminus of pathological tau: characterization and therapeutic potency

The experience from clinical trials indicates that anti-Aβ immunotherapy could be effective in early/pre-clinical stages of AD, whereas at the late stages promoting the clearing of Aβ alone may be insufficient...

Authors: Michael G. Agadjanyan, Karen Zagorski, Irina Petrushina, Hayk Davtyan, Konstantin Kazarian, Maxim Antonenko, Joy Davis, Charles Bon, Mathew Blurton-Jones, David H. Cribbs and Anahit Ghochikyan

Downregulating ANP32A rescues synapse and memory loss via chromatin remodeling in Alzheimer model

The impairment of histone acetylation is causally linked to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), inhibitor of ac...

Authors: Gao-Shang Chai, Qiong Feng, Zhi-Hao Wang, Yu Hu, Dong-Sheng Sun, Xiao-Guang Li, Dan Ke, Hong-Lian Li, Gong-Ping Liu and Jian-Zhi Wang

The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin kinase activity

Mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are the most common causes of recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). Together, the mitochondrial ubiquitin (Ub) kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 Ub ligase PARKIN direct a...

Authors: Maya Ando, Fabienne C. Fiesel, Roman Hudec, Thomas R. Caulfield, Kotaro Ogaki, Paulina Górka-Skoczylas, Dariusz Koziorowski, Andrzej Friedman, Li Chen, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Guojun Bu, Owen A. Ross, Zbigniew K. Wszolek and Wolfdieter Springer

Microglia-derived IL-1β promotes chemokine expression by Müller cells and RPE in focal retinal degeneration

Chemokine signalling is required for the homing of leukocytes during retinal inflammation, and is associated with pathogenesis of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we explore the r...

Authors: Riccardo Natoli, Nilisha Fernando, Michele Madigan, Joshua A. Chu-Tan, Krisztina Valter, Jan Provis and Matt Rutar

Amelioration of amyloid-β-induced deficits by DcR3 in an Alzheimer’s disease model

Microglia mediate amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation, which is one of the key events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3)/TNFRSF6B is a pleiotropic immunomo...

Authors: Yi-Ling Liu, Wei-Ting Chen, Yu-Yi Lin, Po-Hung Lu, Shie-Liang Hsieh and Irene Han-Juo Cheng

Quantitative proteomic analysis of Parkin substrates in Drosophila neurons

Parkin (PARK2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is commonly mutated in Familial Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In cell culture models, Parkin is recruited to acutely depolarised mitochondria by PINK1. PINK1 activates...

Authors: Aitor Martinez, Benoit Lectez, Juanma Ramirez, Oliver Popp, James D. Sutherland, Sylvie Urbé, Gunnar Dittmar, Michael J. Clague and Ugo Mayor

Separation of photoreceptor cell compartments in mouse retina for protein analysis

Light exposure triggers movement of certain signaling proteins within the cellular compartments of the highly polarized rod photoreceptor cell. This redistribution of proteins between the inner and outer segme...

Authors: Kasey Rose, Steven T. Walston and Jeannie Chen

Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β induces calcium dyshomeostasis that precedes synapse loss in the living mouse brain

Amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ) are thought to mediate neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and previous studies in AD transgenic mice suggest that calcium dysregulation may contribute to these pathological ef...

Authors: Michal Arbel-Ornath, Eloise Hudry, Josiah R. Boivin, Tadafumi Hashimoto, Shuko Takeda, Kishore V. Kuchibhotla, Steven Hou, Carli R. Lattarulo, Arianna M. Belcher, Naomi Shakerdge, Pariss B. Trujillo, Alona Muzikansky, Rebecca A. Betensky, Bradley T. Hyman and Brian J. Bacskai

Decreased cortical FADD protein is associated with clinical dementia and cognitive decline in an elderly community sample

FADD (Fas-associated death domain) adaptor is a crucial protein involved in the induction of cell death but also mediates non-apoptotic actions via a phosphorylated form (p-Ser194-FADD). This study investigate...

Authors: Alfredo Ramos-Miguel, Jesús A. García-Sevilla, Alasdair M. Barr, Thomas A. Bayer, Peter Falkai, Sue E. Leurgans, Julie A. Schneider, David A. Bennett, William G. Honer and M. Julia García-Fuster

Tetraspanin 6: a pivotal protein of the multiple vesicular body determining exosome release and lysosomal degradation of amyloid precursor protein fragments

The mechanisms behind Aβ-peptide accumulation in non-familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain elusive. Proteins of the tetraspanin family modulate Aβ production by interacting to γ-secretase.

Authors: Francesc X. Guix, Ragna Sannerud, Fedor Berditchevski, Amaia M. Arranz, Katrien Horré, An Snellinx, Amantha Thathiah, Takaomi Saido, Takashi Saito, Sundaresan Rajesh, Michael Overduin, Samir Kumar-Singh, Enrico Radaelli, Nikky Corthout, Julien Colombelli, Sébastien Tosi…

Blood cholesterol in late-life and cognitive decline: a longitudinal study of the Chinese elderly

Previous studies regarding the lipid-cognition relation in older adults are limited and have generated mixed results. We thus examined whether higher blood cholesterol concentrations were associated with faste...

Authors: Chaoran Ma, Zhaoxue Yin, Pengfei Zhu, Jiesi Luo, Xiaoming Shi and Xiang Gao

Increased acetylation of Peroxiredoxin1 by HDAC6 inhibition leads to recovery of Aβ-induced impaired axonal transport

Reduction or inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to rescue memory in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is recently being considered a possible therapeutic strategy. However, t...

Authors: Heesun Choi, Haeng Jun Kim, Jisoo Kim, Soohyun Kim, Jinhee Yang, Wonik Lee, Yeonju Park, Seung Jae Hyeon, Dong-Sup Lee, Hoon Ryu, Junho Chung and Inhee Mook-Jung

Caspase vinyl sulfone small molecule inhibitors prevent axonal degeneration in human neurons and reverse cognitive impairment in Caspase-6-overexpressing mice

The activation of the aspartate-specific cysteinyl protease, Caspase-6, is proposed as an early pathogenic event of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease. Caspase-6 inhibitors could be useful against...

Authors: Prateep Pakavathkumar, Anastasia Noël, Clotilde Lecrux, Agne Tubeleviciute-Aydin, Edith Hamel, Jan-Eric Ahlfors and Andrea C. LeBlanc

Spatiotemporal progression of ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibition after status epilepticus suggests protective adaptation against hippocampal injury

The ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is the major intracellular pathway leading to the degradation of unwanted and/or misfolded soluble proteins. This includes proteins regulating cellular survival, synaptic ...

Authors: Tobias Engel, Jaime Martinez-Villarreal, Christine Henke, Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos, Amaya Sanz-Rodriguez, Mariana Alves, Yasmina Hernandez-Santana, Gary P. Brennan, Aidan Kenny, Aoife Campbell, Jose J. Lucas and David C. Henshall

Tissue-type plasminogen activator exerts EGF-like chemokinetic effects on oligodendrocytes in white matter (re)myelination

The ability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to give raise to myelin forming cells during developmental myelination, normal adult physiology and post-lesion remyelination in white matter depends on f...

Authors: Camille Leonetti, Richard Macrez, Mathilde Pruvost, Yannick Hommet, Jérémie Bronsard, Antoine Fournier, Maxime Perrigault, Isabel Machin, Denis Vivien, Diego Clemente, Fernando De Castro, Eric Maubert and Fabian Docagne

Tau PET imaging: present and future directions

Abnormal aggregation of tau in the brain is a major contributing factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. The role of tau phosphorylation in the pathophysiology of tauopathies remains unclear. Consequentl...

Authors: Laure Saint-Aubert, Laetitia Lemoine, Konstantinos Chiotis, Antoine Leuzy, Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez and Agneta Nordberg

Ex vivo ¹⁸O-labeling mass spectrometry identifies a peripheral amyloid β clearance pathway

Proteolytic degradation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides has been intensely studied due to the central role of Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. While several enzymes have been shown to degrade Aβ peptide...

Authors: Erik Portelius, Niklas Mattsson, Josef Pannee, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslén, Hugo Vanderstichele, Eleni Gkanatsiou, Gabriela A. N. Crespi, Michael W. Parker, Luke A. Miles, Johan Gobom and Kaj Blennow

Defining the contribution of neuroinflammation to Parkinson’s disease in humanized immune system mice

Reactive microglia have been associated with the histological changes that occur in Parkinson’s disease brains and mouse models of the disease. Multiple studies from autopsy brains have verified the presence o...

Authors: Gunjan Dhawan Manocha, Angela Marie Floden, Kendra Lynn Puig, Kumi Nagamoto-Combs, Clemens R. Scherzer and Colin Kelly Combs

Transient IKK2 activation in astrocytes initiates selective non-cell-autonomous neurodegeneration

Neuroinflammation is associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, however the specific contribution to individual disease pathogenesis and selective neuronal cell death is not well understood. ...

Authors: Michael Lattke, Stephanie N. Reichel, Alexander Magnutzki, Alireza Abaei, Volker Rasche, Paul Walther, Dinis P. Calado, Boris Ferger, Thomas Wirth and Bernd Baumann

Dynamic presenilin 1 and synaptotagmin 1 interaction modulates exocytosis and amyloid β production

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-linked protein, presenilin 1 (PS1), is present at the synapse, and the knock-out of presenilin in mice leads to synaptic dysfunction. On the other hand, synaptic activity was shown to ...

Authors: Katarzyna Marta Zoltowska, Masato Maesako, Iryna Lushnikova, Shuko Takeda, Laura J. Keller, Galina Skibo, Bradley T. Hyman and Oksana Berezovska

Gene-environment interaction between lead and Apolipoprotein E4 causes cognitive behavior deficits in mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Environmental factors and gene-environment interactions (GXE) may increase AD risk, accelerate cognitive decline, and...

Authors: Anna K. Engstrom, Jessica M. Snyder, Nobuyo Maeda and Zhengui Xia

Tdp-43 cryptic exons are highly variable between cell types

TDP-43 proteinopathy is a prominent pathological feature that occurs in a number of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and inclusion body myositis (IBM...

Authors: Yun Ha Jeong, Jonathan P. Ling, Sophie Z. Lin, Aneesh N. Donde, Kerstin E. Braunstein, Elisa Majounie, Bryan J. Traynor, Katherine D. LaClair, Thomas E. Lloyd and Philip C. Wong

APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Effects of Anti-Aβ, Passive Immunization in APP Transgenic Mice

APOE genotype is the foremost genetic factor modulating β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and risk of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we investigated how APOE genotype influences respo...

Authors: Joanna E Pankiewicz, Jairo Baquero-Buitrago, Sandrine Sanchez, Jennifer Lopez-Contreras, Jungsu Kim, Patrick M. Sullivan, David M. Holtzman and Martin J. Sadowski

Therapeutic potential of autophagy-enhancing agents in Parkinson’s disease

Converging evidence from genetic, pathological and experimental studies have increasingly suggested an important role for autophagy impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Genetic studies have identified mutat...

Authors: Tim E. Moors, Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans, Angela Ingrassia, Tommaso Beccari, Lucilla Parnetti, Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin and Wilma D. J. van de Berg

The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson’s disease research: a systematic review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, impr...

Authors: Helena Xicoy, Bé Wieringa and Gerard J.M. Martens

Pathogenic LRRK2 variants are gain-of-function mutations that enhance LRRK2-mediated repression of β-catenin signaling

LRRK2 mutations and risk variants increase susceptibility to inherited and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, while recent studies have identified potential protective variants. This, and...

Authors: Daniel C. Berwick, Behzad Javaheri, Andrea Wetzel, Mark Hopkinson, Jonathon Nixon-Abell, Simone Grannò, Andrew A. Pitsillides and Kirsten Harvey

GDE2 is essential for neuronal survival in the postnatal mammalian spinal cord

Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2) is a six-transmembrane protein that cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors to regulate GPI-anchored protein activity at the cell surface. In the dev...

Authors: Clinton Cave, Sungjin Park, Marianeli Rodriguez, Mai Nakamura, Ahmet Hoke, Mikhail Pletnikov and Shanthini Sockanathan

NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple scle...

Authors: Merry W. Ma, Jing Wang, Quanguang Zhang, Ruimin Wang, Krishnan M. Dhandapani, Ratna K. Vadlamudi and Darrell W. Brann

Glycine-alanine dipeptide repeat protein contributes to toxicity in a zebrafish model of C9orf72 associated neurodegeneration

The most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in a non-coding region of the chromosome 9...

Authors: Yu Ohki, Andrea Wenninger-Weinzierl, Alexander Hruscha, Kazuhide Asakawa, Koichi Kawakami, Christian Haass, Dieter Edbauer and Bettina Schmid

The release and trans-synaptic transmission of Tau via exosomes

Tau pathology in AD spreads in a hierarchical pattern, whereby it first appears in the entorhinal cortex, then spreads to the hippocampus and later to the surrounding areas. Based on this sequential appearance...

Authors: Yipeng Wang, Varun Balaji, Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan, Lars Krüger, Stephan Irsen, Katharina Tepper, RamReddy Chandupatla, Walter Maetzler, Anja Schneider, Eckhard Mandelkow and Eva-Maria Mandelkow

Erratum to: The impact of glutamine supplementation on the symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia: a preclinical assessment

Authors: Jianmin Chen, Yanping Chen, Graham Vail, Heiman Chow, Yang Zhang, Lauren Louie, Jiali Li, Ronald P. Hart, Mark R. Plummer and Karl Herrup

Erratum to: Glymphatic distribution of CSF-derived apoE into brain is isoform specific and suppressed during sleep deprivation

Authors: Thiyagaragan M. Achariyar, Baoman Li, Weiguo Peng, Philip B. Verghese, Yang Shi, Evan McConnell, Abdellatif Benraiss, Tristan Kasper, Wei Song, Takahiro Takano, David M. Holtzman, Maiken Nedergaard and Rashid Deane