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  1. Oxidative stress is a key pathophysiological mechanism contributing to degenerative processes in many neurodegenerative diseases and therefore, unraveling molecular mechanisms underlying various stages of oxid...

    Authors: Arunkumar Asaithambi, Arthi Kanthasamy, Hariharan Saminathan, Vellareddy Anantharam and Anumantha G Kanthasamy
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:43
  2. Though originally discovered in the immune system as an important mediator of inflammation, NF-κB has recently been shown to play key roles in the central nervous system, such as synaptogenesis, synaptic plast...

    Authors: David J Shim, Li Yang, J Graham Reed, Jeffrey L Noebels, Paul J Chiao and Hui Zheng
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:42
  3. Evidence shows that the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin reduce β-amyloid (Aβ) production and tau phosphorylation, two major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IGF-1 expression involves the ...

    Authors: Gurdeep Marwarha, Jaya RP Prasanthi, Jared Schommer, Bhanu Dasari and Othman Ghribi
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:41
  4. Pleiotrophin is known to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in vitro and is up-regulated in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. To establish whether pleiotrophin ha...

    Authors: Irene RE Taravini, Mariela Chertoff, Eduardo G Cafferata, José Courty, Mario G Murer, Fernando J Pitossi and Oscar S Gershanik
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:40
  5. The correlation between neurofibrillary tangles of tau and disease progression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients remains an area of contention. Innovative data are emerging from biochemical, c...

    Authors: Cristian A Lasagna-Reeves, Diana L Castillo-Carranza, Urmi Sengupta, Audra L Clos, George R Jackson and Rakez Kayed
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:39
  6. Abnormal accumulation and aggregation of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Loss-of-function mutation of DJ-1/Park7 can cause earl...

    Authors: Zhiquan Wang, Yu Zhang, Shi Zhang, Qianqian Guo, Yuyan Tan, Xinyi Wang, Ran Xiong, Jianqing Ding and Shengdi Chen
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:38
  7. Huntington's disease is caused by aggregation of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein containing more than a 36 polyQ repeat. Upregulation of macroautophagy was suggested as a neuroprotective strategy to degrade m...

    Authors: Qiuli Liang, Xiaosen Ouyang, Lonnie Schneider and Jianhua Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:37
  8. The cellular prion protein (PrPC) fulfils several yet not completely understood physiological functions. Apart from these functions, it has the ability to misfold into a pathogenic scrapie form (PrPSc) leading to...

    Authors: Hermann C Altmeppen, Johannes Prox, Berta Puig, Mark A Kluth, Christian Bernreuther, Dana Thurm, Ellen Jorissen, Bettina Petrowitz, Udo Bartsch, Bart De Strooper, Paul Saftig and Markus Glatzel
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:36
  9. Recent studies indicate local caspase activation in dendrites or axons during development and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidences point to soluble oligomeric amy...

    Authors: Ricardo A Figueroa, Veronica Ramberg, Tom Gatsinzi, Malin Samuelsson, Mu Zhang, Kerstin Iverfeldt and Einar Hallberg
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:35
  10. Accumulation of aberrant proteins to form Lewy bodies (LBs) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of aberrant, misfolded proteins is critical for maintaining normal cel...

    Authors: Fanjun Meng, Dongdong Yao, Yang Shi, Jonathan Kabakoff, Wei Wu, Joshua Reicher, Yuliang Ma, Bernd Moosmann, Eliezer Masliah, Stuart A Lipton and Zezong Gu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:34
  11. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are inversely associated. To test the hypothesis that genetic elements associated with increased RA risk are associated with decreased AD risk, we evaluat...

    Authors: Christopher R Simmons, Fanggeng Zou, Steven G Younkin and Steven Estus
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:33
  12. Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin HTT (HD) gene. The primary genetic determinant of the age at onset (AO) is the l...

    Authors: Elahe Taherzadeh-Fard, Carsten Saft, Denis A Akkad, Stefan Wieczorek, Aiden Haghikia, Andrew Chan, Jörg T Epplen and Larissa Arning
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:32
  13. Accumulation of misfolded neurotoxic Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) protein found in both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is recognized as an important contributing factor of ne...

    Authors: Guijie Ren, Zhongcai Ma, Maria Hui, Lili C Kudo, Koon-Sea Hui and Stanislav L Karsten
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:29
  14. Previous studies indicate a role of P2X7 receptors in processes that lead to neuronal death. The main objective of our study was to examine whether genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of P2X7 receptors i...

    Authors: Zsuzsanna Hracskó, Mária Baranyi, Cecilia Csölle, Flóra Gölöncsér, Emilia Madarász, Ágnes Kittel and Beáta Sperlágh
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:28
  15. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in large part due to the sequential proteolytic cleavages that result in the generation of β-amyloid pepti...

    Authors: Hui Zheng and Edward H Koo
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:27
  16. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons. ALS patients, as well as animal models such as mice overexpressing mutant SOD1s, a...

    Authors: Anissa Fergani, Judith Eschbach, Hugues Oudart, Yves Larmet, Birgit Schwalenstocker, Albert C Ludolph, Jean-Philippe Loeffler and Luc Dupuis
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:26
  17. Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with early onset characterized by a severe deterioration of the peripheral and central nervous system, involving both the motor and the senso...

    Authors: Thibault Ganay, Alexia Boizot, Renaud Burrer, Jean Paul Chauvin and Pascale Bomont
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:25
  18. Animal models of human diseases are essential as they allow analysis of the disease process at the cellular level and can advance therapeutics by serving as a tool for drug screening and target validation. Her...

    Authors: Le T Hao, Arthur HM Burghes and Christine E Beattie
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:24
  19. Methamphetamine (METH), an addictive psycho-stimulant drug with euphoric effect is known to cause neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress, dopamine accumulation and glial cell activation. Here we hypothesized th...

    Authors: P M Abdul Muneer, Saleena Alikunju, Adam M Szlachetka, L Charles Murrin and James Haorah
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:23
  20. Immunization against amyloid-β (Aβ), the peptide that accumulates in the form of senile plaques and in the cerebrovasculature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), causes a dramatic immune response that prevents plaque...

    Authors: Melanie Meyer-Luehmann, J Rodrigo Mora, Matthew Mielke, Tara L Spires-Jones, Alix de Calignon, Ulrich H von Andrian and Bradley T Hyman
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:22
  21. TMP21 is a member of the p24 cargo protein family, which is involved in protein transport between the Golgi apparatus and ER. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to d...

    Authors: Shengchun Liu, Si Zhang, Kelley Bromley-Brits, Fang Cai, Weihui Zhou, Kun Xia, Jill Mittelholtz and Weihong Song
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:21
  22. Several lines of evidence indicate that memory loss represents a synaptic failure caused by soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers. However, the pathological relevance of Aβ oligomers (AβOs) as the trigger of synapt...

    Authors: Ayumi Takamura, Yasuhide Okamoto, Takeshi Kawarabayashi, Tatsuki Yokoseki, Masao Shibata, Akihiro Mouri, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Hui Sun, Koji Abe, Tsuneo Urisu, Naoki Yamamoto, Mikio Shoji, Katsuhiko Yanagisawa, Makoto Michikawa and Etsuro Matsubara
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:20
  23. Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a peripheral neuropathy caused by the extracellular accumulation and deposition of insoluble transthyretin (TTR) aggregates. However the molecular mechanism that un...

    Authors: Robert J Gasperini, Xu Hou, Helena Parkington, Harry Coleman, David W Klaver, Adele J Vincent, Lisa C Foa and David H Small
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:19
  24. The identification of factors that compromise neurogenesis is aimed at improving stem cell-based approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine an...

    Authors: Janine Walter, Silke D Honsek, Sebastian Illes, Jennifer M Wellen, Hans-Peter Hartung, Christine R Rose and Marcel Dihné
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:18
  25. It is well established that both cerebral hypoperfusion/stroke and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the molecular link between ischemia/hypoxia and amyloid precursor pro...

    Authors: Young-Don Kwak, Ruishan Wang, Jing Jing Li, Yun-Wu Zhang, Huaxi Xu and Francesca-Fang Liao
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:17
  26. Fibrillar amyloid β (fAβ) peptide is the major component of Aβ plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Inflammatory mediators have previously been proposed to be drivers of Aβ pathology in ...

    Authors: Paramita Chakrabarty, Amanda Herring, Carolina Ceballos-Diaz, Pritam Das and Todd E Golde
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:16
  27. Several familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) mutations within the transmembrane region of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) increase the Aβ42/40 ratio without increasing total Aβ production. In the present study, w...

    Authors: Kengo Uemura, Katherine C Farner, Navine Nasser-Ghodsi, Phill Jones and Oksana Berezovska
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:15
  28. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the main agent responsible for the advent and progression of Alzheimer's disease. This peptide can at least partially antagonize nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling in neurons, which may ...

    Authors: Pedro J Chacon, Rosa Garcia-Mejias and Alfredo Rodriguez-Tebar
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:14
  29. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) benefits patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA increases the risk for intracerebral bleeding and enhances post-ischemic neuronal injury ...

    Authors: Huang Guo, Theresa M Barrett, Zhihui Zhong, José A Fernández, John H Griffin, Robert S Freeman and Berislav V Zlokovic
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:13
  30. Tau protein is the principal component of the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease, where it is hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues, and recently phosphotyrosine has been demon...

    Authors: Timothy ME Scales, Pascal Derkinderen, Kit-Yi Leung, Helen L Byers, Malcolm A Ward, Caroline Price, Ian N Bird, Timothy Perera, Stuart Kellie, Ritchie Williamson, Brian H Anderton and C Hugh Reynolds
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:12
  31. Stroke is the world's second leading cause of mortality, with a high incidence of severe morbidity in surviving victims. There are currently relatively few treatment options available to minimize tissue death ...

    Authors: Trent M Woodruff, John Thundyil, Sung-Chun Tang, Christopher G Sobey, Stephen M Taylor and Thiruma V Arumugam
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:11
  32. Previously we reported 1 μM synthetic human amyloid beta1-42 oligomers induced cofilin dephosphorylation (activation) and formation of cofilin-actin rods within rat hippocampal neurons primarily localized to the ...

    Authors: Richard C Davis, Ian T Marsden, Michael T Maloney, Laurie S Minamide, Marcia Podlisny, Dennis J Selkoe and James R Bamburg
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:10
  33. Molecular changes in multiple biological processes contribute to the development of chronic neurodegeneration such as late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). To discover how these changes are reflected at the l...

    Authors: Joy X Lei, Cristina G Cassone, Christian Luebbert and Qing Yan Liu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:9
  34. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons that project from the substantia nigra in the midbrain to the putamen and caudate ...

    Authors: Frederick P Bellinger, Miyoko T Bellinger, Lucia A Seale, Andrea S Takemoto, Arjun V Raman, Takanori Miki, Amy B Manning-Boğ, Marla J Berry, Lon R White and G Webster Ross
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:8
  35. Dimebon is a retired non-selective antihistamine drug currently being investigated as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results from several completed clinical trials are mixed...

    Authors: Jun Wang, Mario G Ferruzzi, Merina Varghese, Xianjuan Qian, Alice Cheng, Mathew Xie, Wei Zhao, Lap Ho and Giulio M Pasinetti
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:7
  36. Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally a sporadic neurological disorder, the discovery of monogenic, hereditable forms of the disease has been crucial in delineating the molecular pathways that lead to...

    Authors: Elisa Greggio, Marco Bisaglia, Laura Civiero and Luigi Bubacco
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:6
  37. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with brain innate immune activation mainly mediated by microglia. These cells are known to be activated in the brain of AD patie...

    Authors: Jean-Philippe Michaud, Karine L Richard and Serge Rivest
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:5
  38. Brimonidine is a common drug for lowering ocular pressure and may directly protect retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. The disease involves early loss of retinal ganglion cell transport to brain targets follow...

    Authors: Wendi S Lambert, Lupe Ruiz, Samuel D Crish, Larry A Wheeler and David J Calkins
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:4
  39. Microglial dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including HIV associated dementia (HAD). HIV promotion of an M1 antigen presenting cell (APC) ...

    Authors: Jon Salemi, Demian F Obregon, Anthony Cobb, Spenser Reed, Edin Sadic, Jingji Jin, Francisco Fernandez, Jun Tan and Brian Giunta
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:3
  40. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), resulting in tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Although the etiology is unknown, insight ...

    Authors: Alison I Bernstein, Sean P Garrison, Gerard P Zambetti and Karen L O'Malley
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:2
  41. Huntington disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion of more than 35 units in the huntingtin protein. This expanded repeat length inversely correlates with the age-at-onset (AAO), however, additional...

    Authors: Hong Van B Che, Silke Metzger, Esteban Portal, Carolin Deyle, Olaf Riess and Huu Phuc Nguyen
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2011 6:1
  42. Generation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is differentially regulated through the intracellular trafficking of the amyloid β precursor protein (APP) within the secretory and endocyti...

    Authors: Rachel F Lane, Joshua W Gatson, Scott A Small, Michelle E Ehrlich and Sam Gandy
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:62
  43. The voltage-gated sodium channel β2 subunit (Navβ2) is a physiological substrate of BACE1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme) and γ-secretase, two proteolytic enzymes central to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Prev...

    Authors: Manuel T Gersbacher, Doo Yeon Kim, Raja Bhattacharyya and Dora M Kovacs
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:61
  44. Although the cerebellum is considered to be predominantly involved in fine motor control, emerging evidence documents its participation in language, impulsive behavior and higher cognitive functions. While the...

    Authors: Jianmin Chen, Mark L Cohen, Alan J Lerner, Yan Yang and Karl Herrup
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:60
  45. Our previous work indicated that novel analogs of choline have cytoprotective effects in vitro that might be useful in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, two lead compound...

    Authors: Roongpetch Keowkase, Marwa Aboukhatwa, Bao-Ling Adam, J Warren Beach, Alvin V Terry Jr, Jerry J Buccafussco and Yuan Luo
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:59
  46. The mutation in Huntington's disease is a polyglutamine expansion near the N-terminus of huntingtin. Huntingtin expressed in immortalized neurons is cleaved near the N-terminus to form N-terminal polypeptides ...

    Authors: Kimberly B Kegel, Ellen Sapp, Jonathan Alexander, Patrick Reeves, Dorothee Bleckmann, Linsday Sobin, Nicholas Masso, Antonio Valencia, Hyunkyung Jeong, Dimitri Krainc, James Palacino, Daniel Curtis, Rainer Kuhn, Claudia Betschart, Miguel Sena-Esteves, Neil Aronin…
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:58
  47. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases share a number of important pathological features, such as accumulation of misfolded proteins as amyloid oligomers and fibrils. Recent evidence suggests that soluble amyl...

    Authors: Rakez Kayed, Isabel Canto, Leonid Breydo, Suhail Rasool, Tamas Lukacsovich, Jessica Wu, Ricardo Albay III, Anna Pensalfini, Stephen Yeung, Elizabeth Head, J Lawrence Marsh and Charles Glabe
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:57
  48. Accumulation of filamentous α-synuclein as Lewy bodies is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. To identify the mechanisms involved in α-synuclein assembly and determine whether the assemblies are cytotoxic, we d...

    Authors: Peizhou Jiang, Ming Gan, Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim, Wen-Lang Lin, Heather L Melrose and Shu-Hui C Yen
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:56