Table 2 Bacteria altered in AD mouse models compared to controls

Brandscheid et al. (2017)

Observed an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes phyla at 9 weeks in 5XFAD mice compared to wildtype mice. There was no change in GMB at 6 or 18 weeks in 5xFAD compared to wildtype.

6 per group

5XFAD

6 weeks, 9 weeks, 18 weeks

Male

[18]

Chen et al. (2020)

Observed a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes phyla at 3 months in 5XFAD mice compared with wildtype mice. At 6 months, there was a marked increase in Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Deferribacteres.

5 per group

5XFAD

3, 6 months

Male

[19]

Shen et al. (2017)

An increase in Odoribacter and Helicobacter genera and decreases in Prevotella species was observed.

6 per group

APP/PS1

3, 6, 8 months

Male

[20]

Chen et al. (2020)

Increases in Escherichia-Shigella, Desulfovibrio, Akkermansia, and Blautia in APP/PS1 mice were observed over time starting at 1 month of age.

2 per group

APP/PS1

1, 2, 3, 6, 9 months

Male

[21]

Zhang et al. (2017)

Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria were found to be increased and Ruminococcus and Butyricicoccus were significantly decreased in 8–12-month-old APP/PS1 mice.

6 per group

APP/PS1

8–12 months

Male

[22]

Cuervo-Zanatta et al. (2021)

Sex-specific changes in APP/PS1 mice compared with wildtype mice were observed. At phylum level, TG F had more Bacteriodetes than TG M. At genus level, there were sex-specific changes in Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and SMB53.

6–9/group

APP/PS1

6 months

Male and Female

[23]

Harach et al. (2017)

Reported significant increases in Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes and a decrease in Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria at 8 months in APPPS1-21 mice compared with wildtype mice.

6–8/group

APPPS1-21

1, 3.5, 8 months

Male and Female

[14]