From: Neuropathology of incidental Lewy body & prodromal Parkinson’s disease
Early changes in the pPD midbrain | Ref |
---|---|
iRBD | |
Mild motor deficits | [165] |
↓ Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and VMAT2 binding | |
Changes in brain glucose metabolism | [172] |
↓ Nigrostriatal connectivity | |
↑ Microglial activation | [120] |
↑ Activated astrocytes | [185] |
↑ Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) | [190] |
Hyposmia | |
↑ Echogenicity of the SNc | [191] |
↓ DAT binding | [191] |
Correlation between olfactory performance and DAT binding |