VCP-related functions | VCP complex component |
---|---|
ERAD | UFD1–NPL4, UBXD8, ATXN3, GP78/AMFR, SVIP, VIMP (SELS, SELENOS), SELK, UBX2 (SEL1), HRD1 (SYVN1, DERL3), DERL2, DERL1, NGLY1, UBXN1 (SAKS1), UBXN4 (UBXD2, erasin), RNF103 (KF1), TRIM13 (RFP2), UBXN6 (UBXD1), RHBDL4, RNF19A (Dorfin) [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44] |
Control of protein translocation into the ER | ZFAND2B (AIRAPL) [45] |
Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) | p47 (NSFL1C), RNF45, UFD1, ATXN3, NPL4, FAF1, VIMP, DERL1, FAF20, SYVN1, UBXN1. UBE4B, UBXN7, SPRTN, VCPIP1, YOD1, PLAA, SIK2, SVIP, UBC, PARK2, RNF31, BAG6, BRCA1, FBXW1, COPS5, Cul1, DERL2, UBQLN1, ZFAND2B, ANKRD13A, UBQLN2, USP13 [12] |
General autophagy, mitophagy | UFD1–NPL4, PARK2, PINK1, MFN (mitofusin), OPTN (optineurin, FIP2), UBQLN2, USP13, UBXN1, WIPI2, WASHC4/SWIP [12, 46,47,48,49] |
Mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD); mitochondrial protein translocation associated degradation (mitoTAD) | UFD1-NPL4, PLAA (UFD3/DOA1), UBXD8 (FAF2), ANKZF1 (VMS1), UBXD1 (UBXN6) [50,51,52] |
Mitochondrial membrane fusion | MFN [50] |
Mitochondria-ER contacts | |
Protein trafficking; mitochondria → peroxisomes | MITOL (March5) [55] |
Ribosome QC, ribophagy, damaged rRNA recognition | ANKZF1 (VMS1), UFD1-NPL4, UFD3, ribosome quality control complex (yeast: Rqc1p-Rkr1p-Tae2p-Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p) [12, 27, 56,57,58] |
ER to Golgi trafficking; Golgi-ER membrane reassembly, ribosome-ER contacts | SVIP, p47 (NSFL1C), UFD1-NPL4, UBXN2B (p37), STX5A (syntaxin), VCIP135 [59,60,61,62,63] |
Lysosome function and clearance, endolysosomal protein sorting | |
Stress response, stress signaling, transcriptional stress | UFD1-NPL4, BAG1, MEST (mesoderm specific transcript), SMY2 (GIGYF1/2) [27, 67,68,69,70,71,72] |
Stress granule assembly | UFD1L, PLAA [73] |
Granulophagy | UBXD8 (UBX2), UFD1–NPL4 [27] |
Stress granule disassembly | |
Protein inclusions | |
Replication | |
Transcription | RHBDL4, GP78 [43] |
Accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in nuclear blebs | UBXD1 (UBXN6) [81] |
DNA damage repair | UFD1-NPL4, DOA1, MRE11-RAD50-NBS1, TEX264 [80, 82,83,84,85,86] |
Dendritic spine formation | |
Lipid droplet formation and turnover | |
Regeneration of free monoubiquitin; ubiquitin homeostasis | UFD1-NPL4 [91] |
Ciliogenesis | UBXN10 (UBXD3) [11] |
Apoptosis | |
Anti-viral immune responses | UFD1-NPL4, RIG-1/DDX58 [92] |
Other processes |