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Table 4 Most significant pathways enriched with top 1% genes associated with WMH. Two genes, IL4R and CD79A were highlighted as they both reached the significance cutoff WMH (FDR < 0.05)

From: Whole blood gene expression and white matter Hyperintensities

Biological pathway

Total number of genes in the pathway

Ratio of enrichment

P value

FDR

Top 1% genes associated with WMH

Hematopoietic cell lineage

97

7.99

6.0E-06

0.0018

HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA; IL4R; IL5RA; CD8A; CD19; CD22; CD37

Antigen processing and presentation

77

8.81

1.3E-05

0.0019

PSME3; HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA; KLRC3; KLRD1; CIITA; CD8A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

65

8.95

5.0E-05

0.0050

HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA; IL4R; RORA; STAT4; IL18R1

Primary immunodeficiency

37

10.48

5.3E-04

0.0338

CIITA; CD8A; CD19; CD79A

Apoptosis

140

4.85

5.6E-04

0.0338

BCL2L11; TUBA1B; CTSW; GZMB; BIRC3; TNFRSF10C; MAP3K14

Graft-versus-host disease

41

9.46

7.9E-04

0.0399

GZMB; HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA; KLRD1

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

265

2.93

0.005668

0.231

CCR7; IL4R; IL5RA; PDGFRB; CCL4; CXCR5; TNFRSF10C; IL18R1

B cell receptor signaling pathway

73

5.3

0.006633

0.231

CD19; CD22; CD72; CD79A

Allograft rejection

38

7.7

0.006858

0.231

GZMB; HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA

Type I diabetes mellitus

43

6.8

0.009672

0.285

GZMB; HLA-DOB; HLA-DRA