Fig. 1

The potential of biospectroscopy in a clinical diagnostic pathway. a A handheld device is used to analyse the sample (e.g., blood or CSF) causing vibrations to its molecules. b Infrared and (c) Raman spectroscopies generate characteristic spectra which allow the identification of biomarkers indicative of disease. d Spectral analysis then follows to classify the patients into different categories using a traffic-light system: red suggesting disease, amber proposing high risk and further investigation and green indicate absence of disease