Fig. 1
From: Functional alterations of myeloid cells during the course of Alzheimer’s disease
Peripheral myeloid cells are pro-inflammatory in AD dementia but suppressed/anti-inflammatory in prodromal AD. Volcano plots showing log2 expression ratios vs p-values of nCounter human inflammation v2 panel for (a) AD dementia (CDR1,2,3) vs prodromal AD (CDR0.5) and (b) Prodromal AD (CDR0.5) vs Control (AD Dementia, n = 10; Prodromal AD, n = 6; C n = 8). Analysis and statistics run using nSolver 3.0 analysis software. (c) Upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in peripheral myeloid cells in CDR1 and 2/3 while IL-10 is increased in CDR0.5 peripheral myeloid cells (C n = 20, CDR0.5 n = 20, CDR1 n = 8, CDR2/3 n = 10). Numbers shown as averages ± SEM and with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. d Flow cytometric median fluorescence intensity of pro-inflammatory HLADR is increased on the surface of CDR1 and CDR2/3 peripheral myeloid cells while (e) inhibitory motif, CD33, is increased on the surface of CDR0.5 peripheral myeloid cells and decreases with increasing AD burden. Numbers shown as averages ± SEM and with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (C n = 30, CDR0.5 n = 27, CDR1 n = 17, CDR2/3 n = 13). P-values are *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001