New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Summary of the major findings on TREM2 in AD context

AD context	Major TREM2-AD related findings	Source	Citations
Risk factors	❖ Rare variants in TREM2 increase LOAD risk by 2- to 4- fold	AD patients	[104, 107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118]
Amyloid pathology	❖ Loss of functional TREM2 decreases microgliosis around plaques	5xFAD mice APPPS1-21 mice	[45, 75, 130, 132, 133]
Amyloid pathology	❖ Loss of functional TREM2 decreases plaque compaction	5xFAD mice APPPS1-21 mice	[75, 89, 90, 133]
Tau pathology	❖ TREM2 deletion decreases tau-mediated neurodegeneration	PS19 mice	[152, 153]
Tau pathology	❖ TREM2 deletion (1) or haploinsuficiency (2) increase tau pathology	hTau mice (1) PS19 mice (2)	[151] (1) [153] (2)
ApoE	❖ ApoE is a TREM2 ligand	in vitro	[76, 78, 79]
ApoE	❖ ApoE-induced switch from homeostatic to neurodegenerative microglia is TREM2-dependent	APPPS1-21 mice	[95]

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