Fig. 3
From: Application of CRISPR genetic screens to investigate neurological diseases
Notable firsts in the history of pooled, genome-scale CRISPR screens. a One of the first two CRISPR-Cas 9 KO screens searched for genes conferring vemurafenib resistance in melanoma cells [3]. b Subsequent CRISPR inhibition and activation (CRISPRi and CRISPRa) studies made use of deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) fused to repressor or activator domains for gene transcription modulation [50]. c A milestone in vivo study explored the role of a subset of genes in the evolution of metastatic tumors in an immunocompromised mouse [98]. d Primary cells were used in a study that employed tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) levels as a response marker to lipopolysaccharide treatment [70]. e A genome-scale CRISPRi screen on long, noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) revealed that essential noncoding elements may be more cell-type specific than coding elements [99]