Fig. 2
From: Alpha-synuclein-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is mediated via a sirtuin 3-dependent pathway
AICAR activates AMPK-CREB signaling pathway and increases SIRT3 activity and reduces αsyn oligomers. a Representative cropped western blots showing AMPKα, p-AMPKα (Thr 172), CREB, and p-CREB (Ser 133) in H4 SL1&SL2 cells with/without 2 mM AICAR. b SIRT3 expression increases with AICAR-treatment, n = 3. c Luciferase assay (n = 5) demonstrates AICAR significantly decreases αsyn oligomers and knockdown of SIRT3 (siSIRT3) prevents reduction of αsyn oligomers by AICAR. d Native-page shows AICAR significantly decreases αsyn oligomers. e Representative cropped western blot showing increased Ac-SOD2 (acetyl K68) with no change in total SOD2 in whole cells lysates. AICAR restored acetylated SOD2 levels, n = 3. Error bars represent the mean ± SD, (n = 3–5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. In panel (a) the same samples were run on different gels and probed separately for AMPKα, p-AMPKα, and GAPDH, and CREB, p-CREB, and GAPDH respectively. In panels (b) and (e) separate blots were probed for SIRT3 and GAPDH, and COXIV, or SOD2, Ac-SOD2, and GAPDH