Fig. 6

Axonal plasticity in corticostriatal connections at early stages of PD a. SMI-32, vGluT1 and TH immunoreactive signals localized to the caudate of early PD (unified stage IIa and IIb; and control brains. N = 5 each). b A graph (as in a) showing advanced PD (Braak stages 5–6; n = 5) and control brains (n = 7). Mean ± SD of 5–7 fields. *, P < 0.05, ttest. c IHC of caudal WMTs in a control (Male, 89 years) and an advanced PD brain (Male, 82 years, Braak stage 6), immunoreacted with anti SMI-32 antibody. d Positive correlation (Pearson’s r value =0.83) between the immunoreactive signals obtained for vGluT1 and SMI-32 for PD cases. e A caudal WMT probed for α-Syn pathology by IHC. A control brain (male, 84 years) and an advanced PD (male, 75 years, Braak stage 5) brain. f IHC of caudal WMTs in a control brain (male, 84 years) an early PD brain (male, 72 year, unified stage IIb) and an advanced PD brain (Male 75 years, Braak stage 5). Brain sections co-immunoreacted with anti filament-α-Syn and SMI-32 antibodies. Bar = 20 μm. g Filament-α-Syn and SMI-32 signals as in (f). Mean ± SD of n = 10–15 WMTs