Fig. 8
The expression and production of cytokines and chemokines by microglia from Socs3fl/fl and DKO mice. Brain microglia from Socs3fl/fl and DKO mice were untreated (M0, naive microglia) or treated with LPS + IFN-γ (M1) or IL-4 (M2). The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, IL-12p40, IL-23p19, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2, IL-10, CD206 and Arg1 were examined by real-time RT-PCR (a). The protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL10 and IL-10 in the supernatants were measured using the cytokine Luminex multiple assay (b). Mean ± SD, N = 3. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Experiments were repeated three times