Fig. 7
From: Parkinson mice show functional and molecular changes in the gut long before motoric disease onset
Analysis of oxidative stress in pre-symptomatic (ps) A30P mice. The effect of overexpressed human α-synuclein on lipid peroxidation was shown by whole-mount immunostainings of the small intestine (SI) and the large intestine (LI) from 2-month-old psA30P and wild type (WT) mice. Tissues were stained with malondialdehyde (MDA, red) used as an oxidative stress marker, with protein gene product (PGP, green) 9.5 as a neuronal cell marker and with 4′,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol (DAPI, blue) for nuclear detection. In WT mice no oxidative stress levels were detected in both intestines (a, c), while in psA30P mice the ENS was found to be markedly stressed by the presence of lipid aldehydes in both, the SI (b) and the LI (d)