Fig. 1

Os-pep stimulated AdipoR1/p-AMPK signaling in in vivo AD models and Adipo^−/− mice (a) The AdipoR1 immunofluorescence reactivity in the normal aged and AD aged patients’ brain tissue (AdipoR1; Green, DAPI, Blue). Magnified 40X. Scale bar = 50 μm. The data are indicated as the ± SEM for n = 5 human brain per group and the number of independent experiments = 3. Significance = ***p < 0.001; student’s t test (b-d) Immunoblotting and quantification of AdipoR1 and p-AMPK/total-AMPK expression in the brain tissue of AβO, APP/PS1 and Adipo^−/− mice. The data are expressed as the means ± SEM for the indicated proteins in vivo (n = 8 mice/group) and the number of independent experiments = 3. Significance = ***p < 0.001; ###p < 0.001; One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s post hoc test. ns, indicated that there is no significant difference among the control, sham and Os-pep treated groups (e, f) Immunofluorescence staining for AdipoR1 (red: TRITC and blue: DAPI) in the cortices and hippocampi of the APP/PS1 and Adipo^−/− mice respectively. The data are indicated as the ± SEM for n = 5 mice per group, and the number of independent experiments = 3. Magnification: 40X. Scale bar = 50 μm. Significance = ***p < 0.001; ###p < 0.001; One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s post hoc test. (g-j) Histograms present ELISA and immunoassay results for the AdipoR1 and AMPK levels respectively, in vivo brain homogenates of APP/PS1 and Adipo^−/− mice. ELISA and immunoassay data are expressed as the means ± SEM for the indicated proteins  in vivo (n = 8 mice/group), and the number of independent experiments = 3. Significance = ***p < 0.001; ###p < 0.001; One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s post hoc test