Table 1 Phenotypes of tauopathies and their salient features
Phenotype | Salient features | |
|---|---|---|
Cognitive/behavioral disorders | ||
bvFTD | Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia | Disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy, stereotyped behaviors, hyperorality |
bvAD | Behavioral or dysexecutive variant AD | Milder behavior dysfunction compared with bvFTD and earlier memory loss |
PSP-F | PSP with frontal presentation | Similar to bvFTD in initial stages |
Cognitive and movement overlap | ||
PSP-RS | Richardson's syndrome | Postural instability, vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, mild dementia |
CBS | Corticobasal syndrome | Asymmetrical limb apraxia, parkinsonism, cortical function deficits |
PSP-CBS | PSP-corticobasal syndrome | Similar to CBS |
Movement disorders | ||
PSP-P | PSP with parkinsonism | Asymmetric onset of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity |
PSP-PGF | Progressive gait freezing | Start difficulty, freezing of gait |
PSP-C | PSP with predominant cerebellar ataxia | Cerebellar ataxia |
PLS | Primary lateral sclerosis | Upper motor neuron signs |
Language disorders | ||
nfvPPA | Non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia | Laboured speech, sound errors, impaired grammar, Intact comprehension |
svPPA | Semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia | Anomia, impaired comprehension, Intact grammar and comprehension |
lvPPA | Logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia | Anomia, fluency deficit, phonemic paraphasia and memory loss |
PPAOS | Primary progressive apraxia of speech | Motor speech disorder |
PSP-SL | PSP with predominant speech/language disorder | Similar to nfvPPA in initial stages |
Amnestic symptoms | ||
aAD | Amnestic Alzheimer's disease | Prominent episodic memory loss and deficits in speaking, visuospatial disorientation, and impaired executive abilities |