Fig. 6

Vascular degeneration is ameliorated despite elevated CAA. a, b Staining for the blood-derived protein fibrinogen (a) with quantification of percent area covered (b) in the cortex of 10-month-old 5X+AL- or 5X+AL+ mice. Yellow arrow: fibrinogen staining. Scalebar: 100 µm. c, d, Average microhemorrhage number (c) and size (d) via Prussian blue staining. e, f, In vivo assessment of leptomeningeal function measured by percent vasodilatory change from baseline after topical application of vascular smooth muscle cell-dependent molecule (SNAP). Purple arrowheads: Increased dilation. Blue arrowheads: No change in dilation. Data from 9 vessels in 4 mice (5X+AL-) and 6 vessels in 3 mice (5X+AL+). Scalebar: 15 µm. SNAP = S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Data expressed as mean ± SD, student’s t-test (two-sided) performed for all statistical analyses except (c) and (d), where Welch’s t-test was performed. ∆ = males, ○ = females. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. No other statistical comparisons are significant unless indicated