Fig. 2

Gut dysbiosis in ageing TG rats. a To find out the bacterial dysbiotic bacterial strains, we have performed shotgun DNA sequencing and calculated the abundance of bacterial phyla (hollow pie charts) at > 12 M; N = 4 WT (male) and N = 4 TG (male). b F/B ratio was significantly higher in TG compared with WT. c, d Several bacterial genera were significantly upregulated (Desulfovibrio, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, Oscillibacter, Paenibacillus, Clostridium and Butyrivibrio) and significantly downregulated (Streptococcus, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroidetes, and Prevotella) at > 12 M age in TG rats. e Clustering of gut bacteria into three major clusters from WT and TG rats. f Abundance of Lactobacillus species in WT and TG rats. g α-diversity at genera level calculated using Shannon–Weaver index and found to have significantly lower diversity in TG rats compared with WT. h β-diversity estimated for both the genotypes of rats with Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using Bray–Curtis method and both WT and TG rats cluster differently (PC1 54.5% and PC2 15.8). P value significance represents *p ≤ 0.05